倧åŠå ¥åŠåã¯ãå匷以å€ã¯äž»ã«ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãšå·çã«æºãã£ãŠããŸãããç§ã¯ãšãã»ã€ãæžããŸããã§ãããç§ã¯ãæ欲çãªäœå®¶ã®ããã«äœããã¹ããïŒãããŠããããæè¿ã¯ããããã¹ããïŒãæžããïŒçç·šå°èª¬ãç§ã®è©±ã¯ã²ã©ããã®ã§ããã圌ãã«ã¯ã»ãšãã©é°è¬ããªãã匷ãææ ãæã£ããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã ããããŸããïŒãããã®ææ ããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãæ·±ãããããã«ç§ã«ã¯æããŸããïŒã
ç§ã¯IBM1401ã§æåã®ããã°ã©ã ãæžãããšããŸãããããã¯ãåœæãããŒã¿åŠçããšåŒã°ããŠããå°åºã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãããäžåŠ3幎çã ã£ãã®ã§ã13æ³ã14æ³ã§ããããã®1401ã¯é«æ ¡ã®å°äžå®€ã«ãããå人ã®RichDravesãšç§ã¯ããã䜿çšããèš±å¯ãåŸãŸããããã®å°äžå®€ã¯ãã³ãã®æªåœ¹ã®é ã家ã®ãããªãã®ã§ãããã»ããµãããŒããã©ã€ããããªã³ã¿ãã«ãŒããªãŒããŒãªã©ããã¹ãŠæããèå ç¯ã®äžã«ããããã®ãšã€ãªã¢ã³ããã€ã¹ãå«ãŸããŠããŸããã
ç§ãã¡ã¯Fortranã®æåã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®1ã€ã«ã€ããŠæžããŸãããããã°ã©ã ã¯ãã³ãã«ãŒãã§å ¥åããã«ãŒããªãŒããŒã«æããããã§ãã¿ã³ãæŒããšãããã°ã©ã ãã¡ã¢ãªã«èªã¿èŸŒãŸããŠå®è¡ãããŸããéåžžã圌女ã®ä»äºã®çµæãšããŠãäœããä¿¡ããããªãã»ã©å€§ããªããªã³ã¿ãŒã§å°å·ãããŸããã
IBM 1401
ãã®1401ã¯ç§ã«ã¯è¬ã§ãããã©ããããããã®ãããããªãã£ãã®ã§ãããæ¯ãè¿ã£ãŠã¿ããšãæ¬åœã«äœãã§ããªãã£ãã®ã¯æããã§ããå ¥åããŒã¿ã®é信圢åŒã¯ãã³ãã«ãŒãã®ã¿ã§ãäœãä¿åããŠããŸããã§ããããããã¯ãå ¥åã«äŸåããªãããã°ã©ã ïŒã³ãŒãã®åšãã®ååšçã®èšç®ãªã©ïŒãäœæããããšãã§ããŸãããããã®ããã®æ°åŠã«ã€ããŠã¯ããããããŸããã§ããããã®ãããåœæã®èªåã®ããã°ã©ã ãæãåºããªãã®ã¯é©ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã圌ãã¯ããŸãç¥ããªãã£ãããã§ããç§ã®æé«ã®æãåºã¯ãããã°ã©ã ãçµäºããªãå¯èœæ§ãããããšãç¥ã£ãç¬éã§ãïŒç§ã®1ã€ãçµäºããªãã£ããšãïŒããã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã«ã¯æéå¶éããªãã£ãããšãèãããšãããã¯æè¡çãªãšã©ãŒã§ããã ãã§ãªãã瀟äŒçãªãšã©ãŒã§ããããŸãããããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã®ãããŒãžã£ãŒãç§ã«ãããç¥ãããŠãããŸããã
ãã€ã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®ç»å Žã§ãã¹ãŠãå€ãããŸãããç§ãã¡ã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãæã«å ¥ããç®ã®åã®ããŒãã«ã«ç«ã£ãŠãä»äºäžã«ãã¿ã³ãæŒãããšã«åå¿ãããã³ãã«ãŒãã®å±±ãéãæããŠé»æºãåãããšã¯ããŸããã§ããã [1]
ãã€ã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãæã«å ¥ããæåã®å人ãèªåã§äœã£ããåœæãããŒã¹ãããã®èªå·±çµç¹åãããã販売ãããŠããŸãããå人ã座ã£ãŠã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã§ããã°ã©ã ãå ¥åããã®ãèŠãŠãç§ãã©ãã»ã©æåããå«åŠ¬ããããé®®æã«èŠããŠããŸãã
Heathkit H8ããžã¿ã«ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ããã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã¯åœæé«äŸ¡ã§ããã1980幎é ã«ç¶ãTRS-80ãè³Œå ¥ããåã«ãç§ã¯ç¶ãäœå¹Žã説åŸããªããã°ãªããŸããã§ãããåœæã¯AppleIIããŽãŒã«ãã¹ã¿ã³ããŒãã§ããããTRS-80ãããªãè¯ãã£ãã§ãã
TRS-80
ããããç§ã¯æ¬åœã«ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãå§ããŸãããç§ã¯ç°¡åãªã²ãŒã ãæžãããã±ããã¢ãã«ã®é£è¡çµè·¯ãæšå®ããããã°ã©ã ãéçºããç¶ãå°ãªããšã1åã®æ¬ãæžããŠããã¯ãŒãããã»ããµãæžããŸãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã«ã¯2ããŒãžã®ããã¹ããä¿åããã®ã«ååãªã¡ã¢ãªãããªãã£ãã®ã§ãç¶ã¯2ããŒãžãæžããŠäžåºŠã«å°å·ããŸããããã¿ã€ãã©ã€ã¿ãŒã§äœæ¥ãããããã¯ããã«åªããŠããŸããã
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã¯å¥œãã§ãããã倧åŠã§å匷ããã€ããã¯ãããŸããã§ããã倧åŠã§ã¯ãå²åŠãããããšããŠããŸããããåœæã¯ãã£ãšã¯ãŒã«ã«èãããŸãããç·åçåŸã«ã¯ãå²åŠã¯ç©¶æ¥µã®ççã®ç 究ã§ããããã«èŠããŸããããä»ã®åéã§ã¯åœŒãã¯äž»é¡ã®ç¥èã«åŸäºããŠããŸãã倧åŠã«å ¥åŠãããšããä»ã®åéã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ãå€ãããŠçµ¶å¯Ÿçãªçå®ã®äœå°ããªãããšã«æ°ã¥ããŸãããä»ã®åéã§ã¯åã«ç¡èŠãããŠãããšããžã±ãŒã¹ã«å¯ŸåŠããããã«å²åŠãæ®ãããŠããããã«èŠããŸããã
18æ³ã®æã¯èšèã«ã§ããŸããã§ãããç§ã¯å²åŠã®ã³ãŒã¹ãåè¬ãç¶ããŸãããã圌ãã¯éå±ã§ããããããç§ãAIãå§ããçç±ã§ãã
AIã¯1980幎代ã«å€ãã®è©±é¡ãåŒãã ããç§ã¯ç¹ã«2ã€ã®ããšã«åæ©ä»ããããããã€ã¯ãšããååã®ã¹ããŒãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã䜿çšãããã€ã³ã©ã€ã³ã®å°èª¬ãæã¯ç¡æ æ²ãªå¥³çããšãããªãŒãŠã£ãã°ã©ãŒãã®SHRDLUã䜿çšããPBSããã¥ã¡ã³ã¿ãªãŒã§ããã
SHRDLU
ãã€ã³ã©ã€ã³ã®å°èª¬ã¯æ代é ãã ãšããã£ãŠããã®ã§ãèªã¿çŽãããšã¯ããŸããã§ãããããã®é ããã®æ¬ã®äžçã«é£ã³èŸŒã¿ãŸããããã€ã¯ãç»å Žããã®ã¯æéã®åé¡ã®ããã§ãSHRDLUã䜿ã£ãŠã°ã¬ãŒããèŠããšãããããäœãã®ã«æ°å¹Žãããããã«æããŸããã SHRDLUã«ãã£ãšèšèãæããã ãã§ããããã§ããã
åœæãã³ãŒãã«ã«ã¯AIã³ãŒã¹ããªãã£ãã®ã§ãèªåã§åŠã°ãªããã°ãªããŸããã§ãããããã¯ãåœæAIèšèªã ã£ãã®ã§ãLispãåŠã¶å¿ èŠãããããšãæå³ããŸãããåœæãã»ãšãã©ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã¯åå§çã§ãããã€ãŸããããã°ã©ããŒã®èãæ¹ã¯åãã§ãããããã©ã«ãã§ã¯ãCornellã®å šå¡ããã»ãšãã©ã©ãã§ã䜿çšãããŠããPascalã®ãããªèšèªPL / Iã§èšè¿°ããŠããŸããã LispãåŠã¶ããšã§ãããã°ã©ã ã®æŠå¿µã«ã€ããŠã®ç解ãæ·±ãŸããå¶éãç解ããã®ã«äœå¹ŽãããããŸãããããã¯ãŸãã«ç§ã倧åŠã«æåŸ ããŠããããšã§ãããã®å¹æã¯æ宀ã§ã®æŽ»åã«ãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããããããã¯åé¡ãããŸããã次ã®æ°å¹Žéãç§ã¯ç«äºã«ãªããŸãããç§ã¯èªåãäœãããããšããŠããã®ãç解ããŸããã
åŠéšè«æã§ã¯ãSHRDLUãªããŒã¹ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ãè¡ã£ãŠããŸãããç¥æ§ãç§ããã®ããã°ã©ã ã楜ããã æ¹æ³ããã®ã³ãŒããæžãã®ã¯è¯ãã£ãã®ã§ããããããã®ããã°ã©ã ãæ¬åœã«ã¹ããŒãã§AIã®é«ã¿ãåŸæãããšããäºå®ïŒä»ã§ã¯ä¿¡ããããã§ããã1985幎ã«ã¯éåžžã«å€ãã®äººãèããŸããïŒã«ã€ããŠèãããšããã«ãšããµã€ãã£ã³ã°ã§ããã
ç§ã¯ã³ãŒãã«å€§åŠã§å°éåéã®éžæãæå³ããªãããã°ã©ã ã§å匷ããŸãããåŠäœãååŸããã«ã¯ã奜ããªã¯ã©ã¹ã«åå ããå¿ èŠããããŸããããã¡ãããç§ã¯äººå·¥ç¥èœãéžã³ãŸãããç§ãåæ¥èšŒæžãåãåã£ããšããç§ã¯ãããã®åŒçšã®ååšã«é©ãããããã¯ç§ãæ©ãŸããŸããããããä»ããã¯é¢çœããŠæ£ç¢ºã«èŠããŸãïŒç§ããã èŠã€ããªããã°ãªããªãã£ãçç±ã®ããã«ïŒã
ç§ã¯3ã€ã®å€§åŠé¢ã«å¿åããŸããïŒMITãåœæAIã®åéã§æåã ã£ããšãŒã«å€§åŠãããŒããŒã倧åŠ-ãªãããã¬ã€ãã¹ãããã«è¡ãããã«ãŠããºãããã«äœãã§ããŠãç§ã®SHRDLUã¯ããŒã³ã®ããŒãµãŒãéçºããŸãããç§ã¯ããŒããŒãã«ããå ¥åŠã§ããªãã£ãã®ã§ãããã«è¡ããŸããã
ãã€èµ·ãã£ãã®ãããã€ã ã£ãã®ãã¯èŠããŠããŸããããç 究ã®æåã®å¹Žã«ãAIã®æŠå¿µã¯åã§ããããšã«æ°ã¥ããŸããããã®ã¿ã€ãã®AIã«ã€ããŠè©±ããŠããã®ã§ãããããã°ã©ã ã§ã¯ãç¬ãæ€ åã«åº§ã£ãŠããããšèšãããããã°ã©ã ã¯ãã®æ å ±ãããçš®ã®æ£åŒãªè¡šçŸã«å€æããŠç¥èããŒã¹ã«è¿œå ããŸãã
ããããã¹ãŠã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãèªç¶èšèªã®ãµãã»ãããã€ãŸã圢åŒèšèªãããããšã瀺ããŸãããéåžžã«äŸ¿å©ãªãµãã»ããã圌ãã®èœåãšèªç¶èšèªã®æ¬åœã®ç解ãšã®éã«å€§ããªã®ã£ãããããããšã¯æããã§ãããå šäœãšããŠãSHRDLUã«ãã£ãšå€ãã®åèªãæããã ãã§ã¯ååã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãããæŠå¿µãè¡šãããŒã¿æ§é ã«åºã¥ããŠAIãäœæããææ³ã¯æ©èœããŸããã§ããã圌ã®åŽ©å£ã¯ãããããããšã§ããã圌ã®ããã«ããããçš®é¡ã®ãããã«é¢ããèšäºãæžãæ©äŒãçã¿åºããŸããããããã§ã¯ãã€ã¯ãäœæããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã§ããã
ç§ã¯èªåã®èšç»ã®æçããæãããšãå¯èœã ãšæãå§ããLispã«ã€ããŠæãåºããŸãããç§ãããã䜿ã£ãçµéšãããAIããåãé¢ãããŠããŠãããã®èšèªèªäœãèå³æ·±ãããšãç¥ã£ãŠããŸããïŒåœæã人ã ã¯ãã®æèã§ã®ã¿ãããç 究ããŠããŸãããïŒããããç§ãLispã«çŠç¹ãåãããããšã«ããçç±ã§ãã Lispã§ã®ãããã³ã°ã«ã€ããŠã®æ¬ãæžãããšã«ããŸãããç§ãæ¬ãæžãå§ãããšããç§ãããã«ã€ããŠã»ãšãã©ç¥ããªãã£ããšèããã®ã¯æãã§ãããããããããã¯ãç解ããããã«æ¬ãæžãããšã»ã©è¯ãããšã¯ãããŸããã Lispã®æ¬ã¯1993幎ã«åºçãããŸããããç§ã¯ãã®ã»ãšãã©ã倧åŠé¢ã§æžããŸããã
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã¯ãçè«ãšã·ã¹ãã ã®è€éãªçµåã§ããçè«ã¯èšŒæ ãæ§ç¯ããããšãå¯èœã«ãã人ã ãæ§ç¯ãäœæããã·ã¹ãã ã®å©ããåããŠãäœãããã£ããç§ã¯çè«ããšãŠãå°æ¬ããŠããŸãããïŒå®éããã®ååã®æ¹ãçŸãããšæããŸãïŒãäœããäœæããæ¹ãé¢çœãããã«æããŸããã
ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã®äœæ¥ã®åé¡ã¯ãæéãããããªãã£ãããšã§ããä»æ¥æžãããããã°ã©ã ã¯ããããã©ããªã«åªããŠããŠããããããæ°å幎ã§æ代é ãã«ãªãã§ãããã人ã ã¯ããªãã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãè泚ã§èãããããããŸãããã誰ãããã䜿çšããŸãããããã¯éåžžã«æãä»äºã®ããã§ãããã®å°åã®æŽå²ãç解ããŠãã人ã ããããããå®éã«çŽ æŽãããããšãç解ããããšãã§ããŸãã
Xerox Star 8010ãDandelionã
å®éšå®€ã®ããæç¹ã§ãããã€ãã®è¿œå ã®XeroxDandelionã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãç»å ŽããŸãããããã§éã³ãã人ã¯èª°ã§ããããåãããšãã§ããŸããç§èªèº«ããã°ããèªæãããŠããŸããããä»æ¥ã®åºæºã§ã¯éåžžã«é ãã£ãã®ã§ããã€ã³ãã¯äœã§ããïŒãããã¯èª°ã«ãå¿ èŠãšãããªãã£ãã®ã§ã姿ãæ¶ããŸãããããã¯ãŸãã«ã·ã¹ãã ã§èµ·ãã£ãããšã§ãã
äœããäœãã ãã§ãªããé·æã¡ãããã®ãäœãããã£ãã®ã§ãã
äžæºãæã£ãŠãç§ã¯ã«ãŒãã®ãŒã¡ãã³å€§åŠã®å€§åŠé¢ã«ãããªãããã¬ã€ãã¹ã«äŒãã«è¡ããŸãããã«ãŒãã®ãŒç 究æã«è¡ã£ãåŸãåäŸã®é ãããã§å€ãã®æéãéãããŸãããåçãèŠãŠé©ããã®ã§ãããåœããåã®ããã«æããŸãããå£ã®ããããã«ã¯ãé·ãéè¡ãããŠããããšããããŸãããçµµã¯æ代é ãã§ã¯ãããŸãããæé«ã®ãã®ã®ããã€ãã¯æ°çŸå¹Žåã®ãã®ã§ããã
ããã«ãçµµç»ã¯çèšãç«ãŠãããšãã§ããŸãããã¡ãããããã°ã©ã ãæžãã»ã©ç°¡åã§ã¯ãããŸããããå€åã§è¬èãªäººã§ååã ãšæããŸãããããã«ãã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ãã¯ç¬ç«ããããšãã§ããŸãã圌ã«ã¯äžåžãããªããŠãç 究è³éãå¿ èŠãããŸããã
ç§ã¯ãã€ãåçãèŠãã®ã楜ããã§ããŸããèªåã§æžããŠé ããŸããïŒãã®æã¯ããããªãã£ãããããå¯èœã ãšã¯æ³åãã§ããŸããã§ãããç¥çã«ã¯ã人ã ãã¢ãŒããåµãåºãããšãããã¯ããèªäœã§ã¯çãŸããªãããšãç解ããŸãããããããã®ã¯ãªãšãŒã¿ãŒã¯å¥ã®çš®é¡ã®ãã®ã§ããããã«èŠããŸããã圌ãã¯ãã£ãšåã«äœãã§ãããã圌ãã人çã§ãã®å¥æãã«ã€ããŠæžããŠããç¥ç§çãªå€©æã§ããã¢ãŒããåãäžãããšããèãã¯ä¿¡ããããªãããã§ããã
ãã®ç§ãããŒããŒãã§çŸè¡ã®ææ¥ãåãå§ããŸããã倧åŠé¢çã¯ãã¹ãŠã®åŠéšã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã«åå ã§ããç§ã®ç§åŠé¡§åã®ãã ã»ããŒãµã ã¯ãšãŠãç©ããã§çŽ æŽãªäººã§ããã圌ã¯ç§ãåã£ãŠããå¥åŠãªã³ãŒã¹ãç¥ã£ãŠãããšããŠãã圌ãã¯äœãèšããªãã£ãã
ããã§ãç§ã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã®å€§åŠé¢ããã£ãŠããŠãã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ãã«ãªãäºå®ã§ãLispã§æžãã®ã倧奜ãã§ãããã«ã€ããŠæ¬ãæžããŸãããèšãæããã°ãä»ã®å€ãã®å€§åŠé¢çãšåãããã«ãç§ã¯èªåã®è«æ以å€ã®ããšã粟åçã«è¿œæ±ããŠããŸããã
ç§ã¯ãã®ç¶æ³ããæãåºãæ¹æ³ãèŠãŸããã§ããã倧åŠé¢ãäžéããããªãã£ãã®ã§ãããäœãæ®ã£ãŠããã®ã§ãããããå人ã®ãããŒãã»ã¢ãªã¹ã1988幎ã«ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã¯ãŒã ãæžããããã«ã³ãŒãã«å€§åŠããè¿œãåºãããã®ãèŠããŠããŸãã圌ã倧åŠé¢ãèŸããããã®ãã®ãããªãšããµã€ãã£ã³ã°ãªæ¹æ³ãèŠã€ããããšã«å«åŠ¬ããŸããã
1990幎4æã®ããæ¥ããã¹ãŠãåæºãå§ããŸãããç§ã¯ããŒãµã ææã«åºããããŸãã-圌ã¯ç§ã6æã«åæ¥ã§ãããã©ããå°ããŸããããã®æãŸã§ç§ã¯äžèšãæžããŠããŸããã§ãããããã®ç¬éã«äººçã§æéã®æ±ºæãããŸãããç· ãåãã®çŽ5é±éåã«è«æãæžããå¯èœãªéãæ¬ãOnLispãã®æçãåå©çšããããšã«ããŸãããã ããç§ã¯ããã«ããçããŸãããæ°æ¥äžã«èªã¿ç©ããæž¡ãããŸããã
äœæ¥ããããŒããšããŠç¶ç¶ã¢ããªãéžæããŸãããåŸããèãããšããã¯ããšçµã¿èŸŒã¿èšèªã«é¢ããè«æãæžãã¹ãã ã£ããšæããŸãããã®å°åã«ã¯ãã»ãšãã©æ¢çŽ¢ãããŠããªãå šäžçããããŸããããããç§ã欲ããã£ãã®ã¯å€§åŠé¢ãåæ¥ããããšã ãã§ãæ¥ãã§æžããè«æã§ã¯ããã ãã§ã¯äžååã§ããã
éäžãçŸè¡åŠæ ¡ã«è¡ãããšæããŸãããç§ã¯ããŒãã¢ã€ã©ã³ãã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãªããã¶ã€ã³ãšããã¹ã¢ã«ãããŒãªããã¡ã€ã³ã¢ãŒãã«å¿åããŸããïŒç§ã¯ãããæãå€ãè¯ãåŠæ ¡ã ãšä¿¡ããŠããã®ã§ïŒãç§ã¯ããŒãã¢ã€ã©ã³ãã«å ¥é¢ããŸãããããã£ã¬ã³ãã§ããè¿äºããªãã£ãã®ã§ãããããã³ã¹ããåºçºããŸãããç§ã¯çŸè¡åŠå£«ïŒBFAïŒããã°ã©ã ã«è¡ããŸãããã€ãŸããåºæ¬çã«å€§åŠã«æ»ããŸãããç§ã¯25æ³ã§ãçŸè¡åŠæ ¡ã¯ãããã幎霢ã®äººã ã§ãã£ã±ãã ã£ãã®ã§ãæã£ãã»ã©å¥åŠã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãããåŠæ ¡ã§ã¯2幎çãšã¿ãªããã財å£ã®æºåãå¿ èŠã ãšèšãããŸãããåºç€ã¯ãæç»ãè²ããã¶ã€ã³ã®åºæ¬çãªã³ãŒã¹ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããŸããã
å€ã®çµããããã倧ããªé©ããç§ãåŸ ã£ãŠããŸãããç§ã«å ¥åŠè©Šéšã«åæ ŒããããæåŸ ãããæçŽããŽã§ããã£ã¢ã¢ã«ãããŒããå±ããŸããïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«äººã§ã¯ãªãè±èªã®ã±ã³ããªããžã«éãããããã«é ããŸããïŒã ãç§ãŸã§æ°é±éæ®ã£ããç§ã®æãããã¹ãã¹ã¯ç§ã圌女ã®å±æ ¹è£éšå±ã«ç©äºãæ®ãããšãèš±å¯ããŸããã倧åŠé¢ã§è¡ã£ãŠããã³ã³ãµã«ãã£ã³ã°ä»¥å€ã«ãéãå ¥ããŠã1幎éã®è¬èãªç掻ãéãããšãã§ããŸãããç§ã¯ãã ã€ã¿ãªã¢èªãåŠã°ãªããã°ãªããŸããã§ããã
èŠç¥ãã¬äººïŒå€åœäººïŒã ããå ¥åŠè©Šéšãåããªããã°ãªããŸããã§ãããæ¯ãè¿ã£ãŠã¿ããšãã€ã¿ãªã¢äººãå°æ°æŽŸã§ããããããããå€åœäººãæé€ããæ¹æ³ã ã£ãããã§ãããã®å€ãçµµãæãããçµµãæãããããã®ã¯èª¿åãè¯ãã£ãã®ã§ãããçèšè©Šéšã®åãæ¹ãããããŸããã§ããããšãã»ã€ã§ã»ã¶ã³ãã«ã€ããŠæžããŠè³ªåã«çããã®ãèŠããŠããŸããç¥çã¬ãã«ãæ倧éã«åŒãåºããŸãããèªåœã¯èš±å¯ãããŠããŸãã [2]
ç§ã¯ãŸã 25æ³ã§ãé¢çœããã¿ãŒã³ããã§ã«ç§ã®äººçã«çŸããŠããŸãããäžæµã®æè²æ©é¢ã«å ¥åŠããããšãç±æããäžæµã®æè²æ©é¢ãå匷ããããšãç®æããŸãããããŸããã£ããããŸãããã¢ã«ãããŒã®åŠçãšæè·å¡ã¯çŽ æŽãããã£ãããæé»ã®åæããã£ããåŠçã¯æããããããšãèŠæ±ãããã¢ã«ãããŒã¯åŠçã«äœãåŠã¶ããšãèŠæ±ããªãã£ããããã«ããã¹ãŠã¯19äžçŽããã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªã®æ £ç¿ã§èµ·ãããŸãããå®ã¯èªã¹ããŒããšããŒãã¢ãã«ãããŠãç«å·ããªãããã«ã§ããã ãè¿ãã«åº§ã£ãŠããŸãããç§ãé€ããŠãã»ãšãã©èª°ããããæããŸããã§ãããæ®ãã®åŠçãã¡ã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®çŸè¡éèªã§èŠããã®ããã£ããããããæš¡å£ããããšãããããŸããã
ç§ãã¡ã®ã¢ãã«ã¯ç§ãšåãéãã«äœãã§ããããšãããããŸããã圌女ã¯å°å ã®éªšè£åºã®ããã«ããŒãºããšã£ãŠåœé ããŠçèšãç«ãŠãŸããã圌女ã¯æ¬ããæ°ãŸãããªå€ãåçãã³ããŒããããããããããçæãããŸããã [3]
ã¢ã«ãããŒã§å匷ããŠããéãå€ã¯éšå±ã§éç©ç»ãæããŸããããããã®çµµã¯å°ããã£ãã第äžã«ãéšå±èªäœãå°ããã£ãã第äºã«ãç§ã¯ããããåžåžã®åã端ã«æããããã以äžã®äœè£ã¯ãªãã£ããéç©ãæãããšã¯ã人ãæãããšãšã¯ç°ãªããŸãïŒååã瀺ãããã«ããªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ç§»åã§ããªãããïŒã人ã ã¯15å以äžãã£ãšåº§ã£ãŠããããšãã§ããããã®ãšãã§ããå®å šã«åãããšã¯ãããŸããã人ãæãããã®æšæºçãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãå žåçãªäººãæãæ¹æ³ãç¥ã£ãŠãããããªããæããŠãã人ã«åãããã«ãã®ç¥èã調æŽããããšã§ããéç©ã¯ãããªããèŠãŠãããã®ãããã¯ã»ã«ããšã«ã³ããŒããããšãã§ããŸãããã¡ãããããã§æ¢ãŸãããã¯ãããŸãããããããªããšãåçã®æ£ç¢ºããåŸãããŸããéç©ã¯ãã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ãã®é ãéãæããããããèå³æ·±ããã®ã§ãããããã€ã³ãã§ã®æ¥æ¿ãªè²ã®å€åããªããžã§ã¯ãã®ãšããžãè¡šãããšã瀺ããªã©ãèŠèŠçãªç¹åŸŽã匷調ããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®ãããªç¬éã埮åŠã«åŒ·èª¿ããããšã§ãæ¯å©çãªæå³ã ãã§ãªããå³å¯ãªæ å ±çè«çãªæå³ã§ããåçããããªã¢ã«ãªçµµç»ãäœæããããšãã§ããŸãã [äº]
ç§ã¯èªåãèŠãŠãããã®ã«èå³ããã£ãã®ã§ãéç©ãæãã®ã奜ãã§ãããæ¥åžžç掻ã®äžã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯èªåãèŠãŠãããã®ã«ã€ããŠèããŸãããèŠèŠã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯äœã¬ãã«ã®ããã»ã¹ã«é¢é£ããŠããŸã-ãããã¯ããªãã®è³ã«ãããã¯äžæ»Žã®æ°Žã§ãããšãã®æãæããé åãšæãæãé åã®è©³çŽ°ãäžããããšãªãäŒããŸãããŸãã¯ãããã¯ããªãããã®åœ¢ãšäœçœ®ãäŒããã«èã¿ãèå¥ããããšãå¯èœã«ããŸããã¹ãŠã®èã®ãããã¯è³ã®ç¹åŸŽã§ããããã®åãã®ééãã§ã¯ãããŸãããæ¥åžžç掻ã§ã¯ãäžæäžæã®èã«æ°ãåãããã®ã¯äžäŸ¿ã§ããããããäœããæããããšãã¯ãããèŠãå¿ èŠããããŸãããããããšãã¯ãäœããèŠãå¿ èŠããããŸããä»ã®äººãåœããåãšæã£ãŠãããã®ãæããŠã¿ãåŸãæ°ãã詳现ã«æ°ä»ããããããŸãã-ã¡ããã©ããªããã«ã€ããŠã®ãšãã»ã€ãæžãããšããæ°æ¥åŸã«æ°ããèãã«æ°ä»ããããããªãã®ãšåãããã«èª°ããèããŠããããšã¯æããã§ãã
ãããæãå¯äžã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãããŸããã圌ãå šç¶äžæãã©ããã¯100ïŒ ç¢ºä¿¡ããŠããŸãããããããããã¯ç§ã«ã¯äŸ¡å€ãããããã«æããŸãããã€ãŸããç§ã¯è©ŠããŠã¿ãªããã°ãªããŸããã§ããã
ç§ãã¡ã®å çããŠãªãŽã£ææã¯ãã人ã§ããã圌ã¯ç§ãäžçæžåœåããŠããã®ãèŠãŠãååŠçãæã£ãŠããæ¥èšã§ç§ã«è¯ãæ瞟ãäžããŸãããããããã¢ã«ãããŒã¯ã€ã¿ãªã¢èªä»¥å€ã®ããšãæããŠãããªãã£ãããç§ããéã足ããªããªã£ãŠããã®ã§ã1幎ç®ã®çµããã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«æ»ããŸããã
ããŒãã¢ã€ã©ã³ãã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãªããã¶ã€ã³ã«æ»ãããã£ãã®ã§ãããå£ããŠããŸããããã§å匷ããã®ã«è²»çšãããããŸããããã®ããã1幎éå°±è·ããæ¥å¹Žã®ç§ã«å匷ãç¶ããããšã«ããŸãããç§ã¯Interleafã«å°±è·ããŸããããã®äŒç€Ÿã¯ãããã¥ã¡ã³ããäœæããããã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãéçºããŠããŸããã Microsoft Wordã®ããã«ïŒã¯ããæ£ç¢ºã«ããã®æãå®ããœãããŠã§ã¢ãé«ã¬ãã«ã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãåžåã§ããããšã«æ°ã¥ããŸãããããããInterleafã®åç¶æéã¯ããšæ°å¹Žã§ããã [äº]
æã ãInterleafã¯å€§èãªããšãããŸãããå瀟ã¯Emacsã«è§Šçºãããç¬èªã®ã¹ã¯ãªããèšèªãäœæããŸãããããã¯Lispã®æ¹èšã§ãããå瀟ã¯ããã®èšèªã§æžãããšãã§ããLispããã«ãŒãå¿ èŠãšããŠããŸãããç§ãããã§ããããšã¯ãç§ããããã¹ãŠã®äžã§éåžžã®ä»äºã®ããã§ããïŒç§ã¯äžåžãååã«è¬çœªããŸã-ç§ã¯æªãåŸæ¥å¡ã§ããïŒã圌ãã®Lispã¯å·šå€§ãªCã±ãŒãã®äžã®ã¢ã€ã·ã³ã°ã®èãå±€ã§ããããããŠç§ã¯ãããç¥ããªãã£ãããåŠã³ãããªãã£ãã®ã§ãç§ã¯äŒç€Ÿã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ã»ãšãã©ãç解ããŠããŸããã§ãããããã«ãç§ã¯ã²ã©ãç¡è²¬ä»»ã§ãããåœæãããã°ã©ããŒãšããŠåããšããããšã¯ãããææã«åãããšãæå³ããŠããŸãããããã¯ç§ã«ã¯äžèªç¶ã«æããä»ã§ã¯å šäžçãç§ã®èãæ¹ã«éäžããŠããŸããããã®ããã«å€ãã®å¯Ÿç«ããããŸããã幎æ«ã«ãããŠãã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåãç§ã¯å¯ãã«On LispãæžããŠããŸããâãã®æ¬ã¯åºçå¥çŽãçµãã§ããŸããã
幞ããªããšã«ãç§ã¯ãç¹ã«èžè¡åŠçã®åºæºãããå€é¡ã®ãéãæ¯æãããŸããããã£ã¬ã³ãã§ã§ã¯ã家è³ãæã£ãåŸãç§ã®äºç®ã¯1æ¥7ãã«ã§ãããä»ã§ã¯ãäŒè°ã«åº§ã£ãŠããã ãã§ãã4åã®å ±é ¬ãæ¯æãããŸãããè³ªçŽ ãªç掻ãéã£ãŠããç§ã¯ãããŒãã¢ã€ã©ã³ãã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãªããã¶ã€ã³ã«æ»ãããã«è²¯éãããã ãã§ãªããåŠçããŒã³ãè¿æžããããšãã§ããŸããã
ç§ã¯Interleafã§å€ãã®ããšãåŠã³ãŸããïŒç§ã¯ã»ãšãã©äœããã¹ãã§ãªãããç解ããŸãããïŒããã¯ãããžãŒäŒæ¥ã¯ã販売ã§ã¯ãªã補åãå°éãšãã人ã ã«ãã£ãŠäž»å°ãããŠããããšãåŠã³ãŸããïŒãã ãã販売ãç解ããããšã¯éèŠãªã¹ãã«ã§ããããããæã£ãŠãã人ã ã¯æ¬åœã«ã¯ãŒã«ã§ãïŒãããŸãã«ãå€ãã®äººã ãã³ãŒãã«åãçµãã§ãããšããã°ãçºçããŸãããã«èç©ãããšã誰ããèœèããå Žåãå®ããªãã£ã¹ã¯äžæ¡ç®ã«ãªããäºå®ãããäŒè°ã¯å»äžã§ã®äŒè©±ã«åã£ãŠä»£ãããã倧èŠæš¡ãªå®åçãªã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã¯å±éºãªè³éæºã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããåŽåæéãšã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¹ããŒã¹ã¯å¿ ãããéè€ããŸããæé©ãªãã®ã
ããããç§ãåŠãã æãéèŠãªæèšïŒViawebãšY Combinatorã®äž¡æ¹ã§åœ¹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸããïŒã¯ãããã»ã©æš©åšããªããŠãããšã³ããªãŒã¬ãã«ã§ã®äœæ¥ã«åé¡ã¯ãªããšããããšã§ããããã§ãªããã°ã誰ããããªãã倩äºã«æŒã蟌ããããããŸãããããã¯ãã¹ãŠãåšä¿¡ãå±éºã§ããå¯èœæ§ãããããšãæå³ããŸãã
次ã®ç§ãç§ã¯ããŒãã¢ã€ã©ã³ãã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãªããã¶ã€ã³ã«æ»ããã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ããã«ããŸããŸãªãããžã§ã¯ããéçºãããªãã£ã¹ã§ããªãŒã©ã³ã¹ã®ä»äºãæé ããŸãããããã¯ç§ã次ã®æ°å¹Žéçãæ®ã£ããã®ã§ããç§ããããžã§ã¯ãã®1ã€ã«æ»ã£ããšãã誰ããæ°ããèšèªã§ããHTMLã«ã€ããŠæããŠãããŸãããããã¯SGMLãã掟çãããããªãã®ã§ããããŒã¯ã¢ããèšèªãžã®ç±æã¯Interleafã®è·æ¥ã®ä»£åã§ãããç§ã¯ãããç¡èŠããŸããããåŸã§ãã®HTMLãã®ãã®ãç§ã®äººçã®éèŠãªéšåã«ãªããŸããã
1992幎ã®ç§ãç§ã¯ããããã³ã¹ã«æ»ãããã¶ã€ã³åŠéšã§å匷ãç¶ããŸãããç§ã¯åºæ¬ãæãäžãå§ããã°ããã§ãã¢ã«ãããŒã§å匷ããã®ã¯ã°ãããŠããŸãããä»ãç§ã¯å®éã®çŸè¡åŠæ ¡ãã©ã®ãããªãã®ããèŠãããšããŠããŸãããæ²ããããªãããã¯ãŽã§ããã£ã¢ã¢ã«ãããŒã®ãããªãã®ã§ããããã¡ããããã¹ãŠãã¯ããã«çµç¹åãããŠããŸããïŒãããŠã¯ããã«é«äŸ¡ã§ããïŒããã¢ãŒãã¹ã¯ãŒã«ã¯å»åŠãšå»åŠã®ããã«èžè¡ãšåãé¢ä¿ãæã£ãŠããªãããšãæããã«ãªããŸãããå°ãªããšãã¢ãŒãéšéã§ã¯ããã¶ã€ããŒïŒç§ã®é£äººã圌ã®ããã«å匷ããïŒã§ã¯ããã¹ãŠãã¯ããã«å³ããã£ãããã§ããã€ã©ã¹ãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã建ç¯å®¶ã«ãåãããšãèšããŸããããããçµµç»ã§ã¯ããã¹ãŠãããã»ã©å³å¯ã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãããèžè¡ã®åŠçã¯èªåèªèº«ãè¡šçŸããªããã°ãªããŸããã§ãããããã¯æ®éã®äººã ã«ãšã£ãŠåœŒãèªèº«ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãèŠã€ããããšãæå³ããŸããã
ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒãã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã¯ãããžãã¹ã«ãããããããããšåŒã°ãããã®ãšèŠèŠçã«åçã§ãããã®äœåãä»ã®èª°ãã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããããªãã®ãã®ã§ããããšã人ã ãç解ã§ããã®ã¯ããã®ãããã§ããããšãã°ã挫ç»é¢šã®çµµãèŠããšããã€ã»ãªããã³ã¹ã¿ã€ã³ãæããããšãããããŸãããããžãã¡ã³ããããŒãžã£ãŒã®ã¢ããŒãã§ãã®ãããªåçãèŠããšã圌ãäœçŸäžãã«ãæã£ãããšã¯æããã§ãããã¹ãŠã®ã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ããç¬èªã®ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒãã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ãæã£ãŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸããããã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã¯éåžžãããæ¯æããŸãã [6]
é«æ ¡æ代ã«ãçµµã®æãæ¹ãç¥ã£ãŠãããç·åçåŸãããªãå€ããä»ã§ã¯ããã«äžæã«çµµãæãæ¹æ³ãåŠã¶ããã«åœå æé«ã®çŸè¡åŠæ ¡ã«éã£ãŠããŸããã圌ãã¯ããŒãã¢ã€ã©ã³ãã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãªããã¶ã€ã³ã§èŠããã®ã«æ··ä¹±ããææ°æ¶æ²ããŸãããã圌ãã¯çµµãæããŠããã®ã§ããã«è¡ãç¶ããŸãããç§ã¯é«æ ¡ã§æãã¿ã€ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããããç§ã¯ãããã®äººã ã«ãèè ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã
è²ã®ã¬ãã¹ã³ã§ããããã®ããšãåŠã³ãŸãããããã以å€ã¯èªåã§çµµãæãããšãåŠã³ãç¡æã§ãããè¡ãããšãã§ããŸããã 1993幎ã«ç§ã¯åŠæ ¡ãäžéããŸãããç§ã¯ããããã³ã¹ã®åšããå°ãæ©ããŸããããããŠããããç§ã®å€§åŠã®å人ãã³ã·ãŒã»ãã«ã¡ããã¯ç§ã«å€§ããªæ©æµãäžããŸããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã®æ¯èŠªã®å®¶ã«ããäžçšåºŠã®å®¶è³ã®ã¢ããŒãã¯ç©ºã§ãããè¡ãããã£ãã®ïŒèªåã®ã¢ããŒãã»ã©å€§ããã¯ãªãããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«ã¯ããããã®ã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ããããŸãããããã§ãããããŸããïŒ [7]
ã¢ã¹ããªãã¯ã¹ã®æŒ«ç»ã¯ãããŒã人ã«ãã£ãŠæ¯é ãããŠããããã«ã¯èŠããªãã¬ãªã¢ã®å°ããªé ããå§ãŸããŸãããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«ã䌌ããããªãã®ããããŸããã¢ãããŒã€ãŒã¹ããµã€ãã®å°å³ãæ¡å€§ãããšãå°ããªè²§ããå°åã衚瀺ãããŸãïŒå°ãªããšã1993幎ã®ããã§ããïŒãããã¯ãšãŒã¯ãã«ãšåŒã°ããç§ã®æ°ãã家ã§ãããç§ã¯ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã®ã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ãã«ãªããŸããïŒæè¡çã«ã¯ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã§çµµãæããŠäœãã§ããŸããïŒã
ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãªãŒããäžãã£ãŠãããšæããã®ã§ããéã«äžå®ããããŸããã Lispã§ã®ããªãŒã©ã³ã¹ã¯ãã£ãã«ãªããç§ã¯ä»ã®èšèªã§æžããããããŸããã§ãããåœæãéãè¯ããã°C ++ã§ãããç§ã¯çµæžçèœåã«çŽãããªã錻ãæã£ãŠããã®ã§ãLispã«ã€ããŠå¥ã®æ¬ãæžãããšã«ããŸãããæç§æžãšããŠäœ¿ãããããã·ã³ãã«ã§äººæ°ã®ããæ¬ã§ãããç§ã¯èªåããã€ã€ã«ãã£ã§è³ªçŽ ã«ç掻ãããã¹ãŠã®æéãçµµãæãããšã«è²»ãããŠãããšæ³åããŸããïŒãã®æ¬ã®è¡šçŽãANSI Common Lispã«ã€ããŠã¯ããã®é ã«æããŠããŸããïŒã
ç§ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã§äžçªå¥œãã ã£ãã®ã¯ãã¢ã€ãã«ãšãžã¥ãªã¢ã³ã»ãŠã§ãŒããŒããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«äœãã§ããããšã§ãã Idel Weberã¯ã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ãã§ããããã©ããªã¢ãªãºã ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã§åãå§ããæåã®äžäººã§ãããç§ã¯ããŒããŒãã§ã®åœŒå¥³ã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã«åå ããŸãããå çãçåŸããããªã«å¥œããªã®ãèŠãããšããããŸãããç§ãå«ããå åŠçã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯åœŒå¥³ãšé£çµ¡ãåãåã£ãŠããŸããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«åŒã£è¶ããåŸãç§ã¯åœŒå¥³ã®äºå®äžã®ã¹ã¿ãžãªã¢ã·ã¹ã¿ã³ãã«ãªããŸããã
圌女ã¯å¹ 4ã5ãã£ãŒãã®å€§ããªæ£æ¹åœ¢ã®åžåžã«çµµãæãã®ã奜ãã§ããã 1994幎åŸåã®ããæ¥ãç§ããããã®ã¢ã³ã¹ã¿ãŒã®1ã€ã䌞ã°ããŠãããšãã圌ãã¯æåãªåšåº«ç®¡çè ã«ã€ããŠã©ãžãªã§è©±ããŠããŸããã圌ã¯ç§ãããã£ãšå¹Žäžã§ã¯ãªãããšãŠãéæã¡ã§ãããçªç¶æãã€ããã®ã§ãããã©ãããŠéæã¡ã«ãªããªãã®ïŒããããã°ãããããããšãäœã§ãã§ããŸãã
ãã®éçšã§ãæè¿ç»å ŽããWorld WideWebã«ã€ããŠãŸããŸãåŠã³ãŸããããããŒãã»ã¢ãªã¹ã¯ã±ã³ããªããžã§ãããèŠããŠãããåŸãããŒããŒãã®å€§åŠé¢ã«é²åŠããŸãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã¯ãšãŠãéèŠã ãšç§ã«ã¯æããŸãããç§ã¯ãã°ã©ãã£ã«ã«ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã®äººæ°ã®ããã«äœãããããèŠãŠããŸããããŠã§ãã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã§ãåãããšãããŠããããã ã£ãã
éæã¡ã«ãªãããã®ãªãé§ ã«æ¥ãé»è»ã§ãããç§ã¯æ¬è³ªçã«ã¯æ£ããã£ããããã®èãã¯ééã£ãŠãããç§ã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã§ã¢ãŒãã®ã£ã©ãªãŒããã¹ãããäŒç€Ÿãç«ã¡äžããå¿ èŠããããšæ±ºããŸããã Y Combinatorã§ããããã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãèªãã åŸãããã¯ææªã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ã ãšèšããŸããã¢ãŒãã®ã£ã©ãªãŒã¯ãæããã¡ãã·ã§ããã«ãªãã®ã§ããããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã«ãªããããããŸããã§ããã圌ãã®è²©å£²ã¯ç°ãªã£ãåããããŸããç§ã¯ã®ã£ã©ãªãŒã®ãµã€ããäœæãããœãããŠã§ã¢ãäœæããRobertã¯ç»åã®ãµã€ãºãå€æŽããŠããŒãžãæäŸããHTTPãµãŒããŒãæ§æããããã€ãã®ããã°ã©ã ãäœæããŸããããã®åŸãã®ã£ã©ãªãŒãšã®å¥çŽç· çµãè©Šã¿ãŸãããé£ããã£ããšèšãã®ã¯äœãèšãããšã§ã¯ãããŸãããååãé ãã®ã倧å€ã§ãããããã€ãã®ã®ã£ã©ãªãŒã§ã¯ãç¡æã§ãµã€ããäœæããããšãã§ããŸãããã誰ãç§ãã¡ã«ãéãæã£ãŠããŸããã§ããã
ãã®åŸããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã¹ãã¢ãç»å Žãå§ãã泚æãã¿ã³ãããã ãã§ã®ã£ã©ãªãŒãµã€ããšã¯éãããšã«æ°ã¥ããŸãããç§ãã¡ã¯ãããããã¹ãŠã®å°è±¡çãªãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã¹ãã¢ãäœæããæ¹æ³ããã§ã«ç¥ã£ãŠããŸããã
ããã§ã1995幎ã®å€ãå®æããANSI Common Lispåçš¿ãåºç瀟ã«æž¡ããåŸããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã¹ãã¢ãæ§ç¯ããããã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãæžãå§ããŸãããæåã¯ãã¹ã¯ããããœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ããå¿ èŠãããããããã£ãŠWindowsã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸããããã¯æ°ããããªèŠéãã§ããâç§ãã¡ã¯Windowsããã°ã©ã ã®æžãæ¹ãç¥ãããåŠã³ãããããŸããã§ãããç§ãã¡ã¯Unixã®äžçã«äœãã§ããŸãããããããããã§ããUnixçšã®ã¹ãã¢ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®ãããã¿ã€ããäœæããããšã«ããŸããã Robertã¯ã·ã§ããã³ã°ã«ãŒããæžããç§ã¯Webãµã€ããžã§ãã¬ãŒã¿ãæžããŸãã-ãã¡ãããLispã§ã
ç§ãã¡ã¯ã±ã³ããªããžã®ãããŒãã®ã¢ããŒãã§åããŸããã圌ã®é£äººã¯é·ãéããã«ããŸããã§ãããç§ã¯ãã®æ圌ã®ä»£ããã«å¯ãŠããŸãããã©ãããããããåºã«ã¯ããããã¬ãŒã ãã·ãŒãããªãããããã¬ã¹ãããããŸããã§ãããããæããã®ãããã¬ã¹ã®äžã«æšªããã£ãŠãããšããç§ã¯ãGãã®æåã«äžžãŸã£ãŠããŸããšããèããæãã€ããŸããããµãŒããŒäžã§ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãå®è¡ãããŠãŒã¶ãŒããªã³ã¯ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠãœãããŠã§ã¢ãå¶åŸ¡ã§ããããã«ãããšã©ããªããŸããïŒããããã°ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒçšã«äœãæžãå¿ èŠããªããªããŸãããµãŒãã¹ãæäŸãããã®ãšåããµãŒããŒäžã«ãµã€ããäœæã§ããŸãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ãã©ãŠã¶ä»¥å€ã¯å¿ èŠãããŸããã
ãã®ãããªãœãããŠã§ã¢ã¯çŸåšWebã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšåŒã°ãããŠããã¿ã¹ã§ããããããå¯èœãã©ããã¯ãŸã£ããæããã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã調ã¹ãããã«ããã©ãŠã¶ãä»ããŠå¶åŸ¡ã§ãããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã¹ãã¢ãã«ããŒã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãäœæããããšã«ããŸãããæ°æ¥åŸã®8æ12æ¥ãåäœããããŒãžã§ã³ããããŸããããŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã¯ã²ã©ããã®ã§ããããã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããœãããŠã§ã¢ã䜿çšãããããµãŒããŒã¿ãŒããã«ã«ã³ãã³ããå ¥åãããããªããŠãããã©ãŠã¶ããã¹ãã¢ãäœæã§ããããšãæããã«ãªããŸããã
ç§ãã¡ã¯äœããããŠãããšæããŸããããã®ããã«æ©èœãã次äžä»£ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ããžã§ã³ããããŸãããããŒãžã§ã³ãããŒããããã³ããããã¹ãŠã®ãã®ã¯ãã¯ãå¿ èŠãããŸããã§ããã Interleafã«ã¯ãªãªãŒã¹ãšã³ãžãã¢ã®ããŒã å šäœãããŠã圌ãã¯éçºè 以äžã®ä»äºãããŠããŸãããããã§ããœãããŠã§ã¢ããµãŒããŒäžã§çŽæ¥æŽæ°ã§ããããã«ãªããŸããã
ãœãããŠã§ã¢ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã«å±éããããšãã§ãããšããç§ãã¡ã¯äŒç€Ÿãèšç«ããŸãããããã¯ViawebãšåŒã°ããç§ãã¡ã¯æåã®å ¬åŒè³éãåŸãŸãã-Idelã®å€«ã§ããJulianneãã10,000ãã«ããéãæ³åŸæ¶å©ãããžãã¹ã¢ããã€ã¹ãšåŒãæãã«ãç§ãã¡ã¯åœŒã«äŒç€Ÿã®10ïŒ ãäžããŸããã 10幎åŸããã®ååŒã¯YCombinatorã®ã¢ãã«ã«ãªããŸãããç§ãã¡èªèº«ããããå¿ èŠãšããŠããã®ã§ãåµèšè ããã®ãããªãã®ãå¿ èŠãšããŠããããšãç§ãã¡ã¯ç¥ã£ãŠããŸããã
åœæã1,000ãã«ã»ã©ã®çšéãçšéã®åéã§çžæ®ºãããŠãããããæ®é«ã¯ãã€ãã¹ã§ããïŒInterleafã®ã³ã³ãµã«ãã£ã³ã°ã§åŸããéãç¯çŽã§ããŸãããïŒããããããŸããã§ããïŒããã®ããããããŒãã¯å€§åŠé¢ã®å¥šåŠéãåŸãŠããŸããããçããããã«ã¯ã·ãŒãè³éãå¿ èŠã§ããã
åœåã¯9æã«çºå£²ããäºå®ã§ãããããœãããŠã§ã¢ã«åãçµãã«ã€ããŠéå¿ãé«ãŸããŸãããæçµçã«ãçæåŸã«éçã«èŠããã¯ãã®WYSIWYGãµã€ããã«ããŒãäœæããããšãã§ããŸããïŒãã ãããã¹ãŠã®ãªã³ã¯ã¯éçããŒãžã§ã¯ãªãããµãŒããŒäžã®ããã·ã¥ããŒãã«ã®ã¯ããŒãžã£ãŒã§ããïŒã
ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã¹ãã¢éçºè ã®äž»ãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ãã¹ãŠããŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ãã£ãããšèŠããããšã§ãããé«ãåºæºããã®éµã§ãããããèžè¡ãåŠã¶ããšã¯åœ¹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãããé©åãªããŒãžã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããšè²ãšãã©ã³ãã䜿çšãããšãå¯å®€ããåºãçµå¶ããŠãã人ã倧äŒæ¥ãããç«æŽŸãªãã®ã«ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ïŒãªãç§ã®ãµã€ãããšãŠãå€é¢šã«èŠããã®ãèå³ããããªããããã¯ãŸãã«ãã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§äœãããŠããŸããä»æ¥ã¯åä»ã«æãããããããŸãããã1996幎ã«ã¯æå 端ã§ãããïŒ
9æã«ãããŒãã¯åä¹±ãèµ·ãããŸããã ãç§ãã¡ã¯ãã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«1ãæéåãçµãã§ããŸãããããŸã å®äºããŠããŸããããšåœŒã¯èšããŸãããæ¯ãè¿ã£ãŠã¿ããšã圌ã¯3幎åŸã«åãçµãã ã®ã§ãããã¯ç¹ã«é¢çœãã§ããããããç§ã¯ãã£ãšããã°ã©ããŒãéã䟡å€ããããšå€æãããããŒãã«å€§åŠé¢ã®ãã£ãããç·ã«ã€ããŠå°ããŸããã圌ã¯TrevorBlackwellãæšèŠããŸãããã圌ã¯ã©ãã«ã§ãæã£ãŠããã¡ã¢ã®å±±ã«ãã¹ãŠãå ¥ããããšæã£ãŠããã®ã§ãæåã¯é©ããŸããããããããã€ãã®ããã«ããããŒãã¯æ£ããã£ãã Trevorã¯ãã³ãŒãã®èšè¿°ã«ãããŠéåžžã«å¹ççã§ããã
ãããŒããšãã¬ããŒãšäžç·ã«ä»äºãããã®ã¯ãšãŠã楜ããã£ãã§ãããããã¯æãå€ã2人ã§ã ç§ãç¥ã£ãŠããç¬ç«ããå¿ããããŠåœŒãã¯å®å šã«ç°ãªã£ãŠããŸãããããŒãã®é ãèŠããšããã¹ãŠããã¥ãŒã€ã³ã°ã©ã³ãã®æäŒã®ããã«èŠãããã¬ããŒã«ã¯ãªãŒã¹ããªã¢ã®ãã³ã³ãéå°ã«ãããŸãã
1996幎1æã«6åºèãåºåºããŸãããé å»ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšå¿é ããŠããŸããããæ©ãããã®ã§æ°ã¶æåŸ ã£ãŠè¯ãã£ãã§ããåœæããã¹ã³ãã¯eã³ããŒã¹ã«ã€ããŠå€ãã®ããšãæžããŠããŸããããèªåã®ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã¹ãã¢ãå§ããããšæã£ã人ã¯ããŸãããŸããã§ããã [8]
ç§ãã¡ã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã¯ãç§ãæžããWebãµã€ãã®ãšãã£ã¿ãŒãRobertãæžããã·ã§ããã³ã°ã«ãŒããTrevorãæžãã泚æãšçµ±èšã远跡ãããããŒãžã£ãŒã®3ã€ã®äž»èŠéšåã§æ§æãããŠããŸããããã€ãŠãç§ãã¡ã®è£œåã¯æé«ã®ãŠãããŒãµã«ãŠã§ããµã€ããã«ããŒã®1ã€ã§ãããç§ã¯ã³ãŒããç°¡æœã«èšè¿°ããããã°ã©ã ãRobertãšTrevorã®ãããžã§ã¯ã以å€ã®ãã®ã«æ¥ç¶ããå¿ èŠããªãã£ãã®ã§ãããããã¹ãŠã«åãçµãã®ã¯éåžžã«æ¥œããã£ãã§ãã次ã®3幎éããã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§äœæ¥ããã ãã§ãããšããããããã¯ç§ã®äººçã§æãç°¡åãªææã§ããããæ®å¿µãªãããä»ã«ãããã¹ãããšããããããããŸããããããã¯ã³ãŒããæžããããæªãããšãããããŸããããã®ããã次ã®3幎éãæãã¹ãã¬ã¹ãæããŸããã
90幎代ã®åŸåã«ã¯ãeã³ããŒã¹ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãéçºããå€ãã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããããããŸãããç§ãã¡ã¯ãInterleafã§ã¯ãªãMicrosoftWordãäœæããããšã決æããŸããããã®ããã«ã¯ãç§ãã¡ã®è£œåã¯äœ¿ãããããå®äŸ¡ã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããã§ãããèªåãã¡ã貧ããã£ãã®ã§å¹žéã ã£ãã®ã§ãViawebã®ã³ã¹ããããã«åæžã§ããŸãããå°ããªãåºã«ã¯æé¡100ãã«ã倧ããªãåºã«ã¯300ãã«ãè«æ±ããŸããããã®äœäŸ¡æ Œã¯ç«¶åä»ç€Ÿã«ãšã£ãŠèªæãšè² æ ã®äž¡æ¹ã§ããããåççãªèæ ®ãããããèšå®ããŸããã§ãããç§ãã¡ã¯ãã©ã®äŒæ¥ãç§ãã¡ã«æ¯æã£ãŠããã®ãããããŠåœŒãããããã©ã®ããã«è¡ã£ãŠããã®ãããããŸããã§ãããæé¡300ãã«ã¯ç§ãã¡ã«ãšã£ãŠå€é¡ã®ãéã®ããã«æããŸããã
ç§ãã¡ã¯å¶ç¶ã«å€ãã®æ£ãã決å®ãããŸãããããšãã°ãçŸåšãéã¹ã±ãŒã©ãã«ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ããšåŒã°ããŠãããã®ãå®è¡ããŸãã ãããã§ã¯ãããŠãŒã¶ãŒãåŒãä»ããããã«å¿ æ»ã®å¯Ÿçãè¬ããã»ã©èã£ãºããªãã®ããšè¡šçŸããŸããããã®ãããªçç¶ã®äžã§æãäžè¬çãªã®ã¯ã顧客ã®ããã®åºèã®äœæã§ãããããã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢ã®å šäœçãªãã€ã³ãã人ã ã«èªåã®åºãäœãæ©äŒãæäŸããããã«ãããããç§ãã¡ã¯ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãç²åŸããããã«äœã§ãããæºåãã§ããŠããŸããã
ããšãã°ãã·ã£ãã®å°ããªåçããã£ãå ŽåïŒãããŠä»æ¥ã®åºæºã§ã¯ããã®æã¯ãã¹ãŠã®åçãå°ããã£ãã®ã§ãã·ã£ãå šäœãå ¥ããŠæ®åœ±ãããããè¥ãã¯ããŒãºã¢ããããã»ããããã§ããã·ã£ãã®åçã30æããçŽããªããã°ãªããªãã£ãã®ã§ããããç¥ã£ãã®ãèŠããŠããŸãããããã圌ãã®æåã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãçŸããã£ãã
ããã¯ééã£ãŠããããã«èŠããŸããããããã¯æ£ãã決æã§ãããã«ã¹ã¿ããŒã¹ãã¢ãæ§ç¯ããããšã§ãå°å£²æ¥ãšãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®äœ¿çšã«ã€ããŠå€ãã®ããšãåŠã¶ããšãã§ããŸãããæåã¯ãããžãã¹ããã®ãã®ã«å§åãããŠããã¹ãŠãæ åœãããããžãã¹ã®äººããå¿ èŠã ãšæã£ãŠããã®ã§ããããŠãŒã¶ãŒãæ¹ãã€ãå§ããŠããã«ããã®åŸãšåãããã«å€ãããŸã ããåäŸã®èªçããŠãŒã¶ãŒãæããã®ã¯äœã§ããç§ã¯åœŒãã®ãªãããŸãŸã§ããããã€ã®æ¥ããããããã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãæ¥ãŠãã·ã£ããçãŠåçãæ®ãããšãã§ããªããªã£ãŠããŸããããããŸãããããããšåæã«ããã以äžéèŠãªããšã¯äœããããŸããã§ããã
ãã®æãç§ãç解ããŠããªãã£ãããšãããäžã€ãããŸãããæé·ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã«ãšã£ãŠæ倧ã®èª²é¡ã ãšã¯æããŸããã§ãã ã..ã 1996幎æ«ã«ã¯çŽ70åºèã1997幎æ«ã«ã¯çŽ500åºèãå±éããŸããã絶察ãŠãŒã¶ãŒæ°ã決ãŸããšåéãããŠããŸããŸãããããã¯ããªãã®åå ¥ã®èŠ³ç¹ããéèŠã§ã-ããªããååã«æã£ãŠããªããªãã°ãããªãã¯å»æ¥ããããšãã§ããŸããããããé·æçã«ã¯ãæé·çã¯ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®çµ¶å¯Ÿæ°ããŸã£ããã«ããŸããç§ãYCombinatorã§çžè«ããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã ã£ããšããããç§ã¯ããèšãã§ããããç·åŒµããã®ããããŠã倧äžå€«ã§ããæ¯å¹Ž7åã®æé·ããããããŸãå€ãã®äººãéããªãã§ãã ãããããããã°ãããžãã¹ã¯åçæ§ãé«ããªããéåœãã³ã³ãããŒã«ã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
æ²ããããªãç§ã¯ããããã®äººãéããŸãããããã¯æè³å®¶ã®èŠæã§ãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããããã«ã®ææã«å€ãã®æè³å®¶ãããããããã§ãããã®ããã1998幎ã«Yahooãšå¥çŽãããŸã§ã¯å£ããŸããã§ãããã€ãŸããäŒç€Ÿã®åç¶æéäžãç§ãã¡ã¯æè³å®¶ã«ç¿»åŒãããŠããŸããããããŠãç§ãã¡ãšç§ãã¡ã®æè³å®¶ã¯ã©ã¡ããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã«äžæ £ãã ã£ãã®ã§ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®åºæºã«ãã£ãŠãããçµæã¯æ··ä¹±ããŸããã
ã€ããŒã«åããŠåºçºãããšãã倧ããªå®å µã蚪ããŸãããå šäœãšããŠãViawebã®åšåº«ã¯è²Žéã§ããã圌ãã¯æ¥æé·ããŠããããžãã¹ã®å©å®³é¢ä¿ãè¡šããŠããŸããããããç§ã«ãšã£ãŠãããã¯ããŸã䟡å€ããããŸããã§ãããããžãã¹ãã©ãè©äŸ¡ãããããããªãã£ãã®ã§ãããæ°ã¶æããã«ãã£ãŠããèšæ»äœéšããšãŠãããæããŸãããå§ããŠããã倧åŠé¢ã®ã©ã€ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã¯å€§ããå€ãã£ãŠããŸãããã ããYahooãç§ãã¡ãè²·ã£ããšããããã¯ãŒãããããå¯ãžãšå€ãã£ãŠãããã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢ã«åŒã£è¶ããŠããã®ã§ã1998幎ã®é»è²ãVWGTIãè³Œå ¥ããŸããããã®è»ã®é©åŒµãã®ã·ãŒãã¯ç§ã®æã豪è¯ãªææç©ã ã£ããšæããŸãã
ç¿å¹Žã1998幎ã®å€ãã1999幎ã®å€ãŸã§ã¯ãããããç§ã®äººçã§æãçç£æ§ã®äœãéšåã§ãããåœæã¯æ°ã¥ããŠããŸããã§ããããViawebã®ç«ã¡äžãã«äŒŽãåŽåãšã¹ãã¬ã¹ã«ãšãŠãããããããŠããŸãããã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢ã«åŒã£è¶ããŠãããã°ããã®éãç§ã¯åãããã«è¡åããããšããŸãããç§ã¯åå3æãŸã§ããã°ã©ã ãäœæããŸããããYahooã®ææå°æ©ã®äŒæ¥æåãšãµã³ã¿ã¯ã©ã©ã®æããªãã£ã¹ã«å ããŠãç²åŽæã åŸã ã«ç§ãçµããããŸãããæ°ã¶æåŸãInterleafã§åããŠãããšãã®ããã«ãç§ã¯éåžžã«äžå¿«ã«æããŸããã
Yahooã¯è³Œå ¥åŸã«ããããã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãæäŸããŠãããŸãããåœæãYahooã¯éåžžã«é倧è©äŸ¡ãããŠãããšæã£ãŠããã®ã§ãæ¥å¹ŽãŸã§ã«æ ªäŸ¡ã5åã«äžãã£ãããšã«é©ããŸãããç§ã¯æåã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãåãåããã1999幎ã®å€ã«å»ããŸã§æã¡ããããŸãããäœãæããŠããªãã®ã§ããªããããªããšãããŠããã®ãå¿ãããã«ãªããŸããã 4幎éãç§ã®è³ã¯ãœãããŠã§ã¢éçºãšã·ã£ãã§è©°ãŸã£ãŠãããéæã¡ã«ãªã£ãŠçµµãæãããšãã§ããããã«ããããã«ãããããã¹ãŠãããããšãæãåºããŸãããéæã¡ã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ãçµµãæãå¿ èŠããããŸããã
ç§ãå»ããšèšã£ããšããYahooã®äžåžã¯ç§ã®èšç»ã«ã€ããŠç§ãšé·ãäŒè©±ãããŸãããæãããçµµã«ã€ããŠåœŒã«è©±ããŸãããããããç§ã¯åœŒã®èå³ã«æåããŸãããä»ã圌ã¯ç§ãåãã€ããŠãããšæã£ãŠããããšãããããŸãããããããç§ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã¯çŽ200äžãã«ã®äŸ¡å€ããããŸããããã®ãéãæ®ããŠããã°ãæ°ããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ãããå§ããã®ã«ååã§ããããã®ããã«ä»ã®äººãé£ããŠè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãããã®éãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããããã«ã¯ããŒã¯ã«éããYahooã¯ãã®æ代ã®éæºå°ã§ãããåœæã®äžåžã¯åäžé·è ã§ãããæ°ããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ãããå§ããããã«Yahooãé¢ããããšã¯ã圌ã«ã¯ã¯ã¬ã€ãžãŒã§éå¿çãªèšç»ã®ããã«æããã
ããããç§ã¯çµµãæãããã«ç«ã¡å»ããŸããããããŠç§ã¯ãããããã«åããŸãããç¡é§ã«ããæéã¯ãããŸããã§ãããç§ã¯éæã¡ã«ãªãããã«ãã§ã«4幎ãçãããŸãããããŠãäŒç€Ÿã売åŽããŠèŸããåµæ¥è ãšè©±ããšãã¯ããã€ãäŒæãåããšããã¢ããã€ã¹ãããŸãããããç§ãããªããã°ãªããªãã£ãããšã§ããã©ããã«è¡ã£ãŠ1ã2ãæã¯äœãããŸããã§ãããããã®èãã¯ç§ã®é ã«æµ®ãã³ãŸããã§ããã
çµµãæããŠã¿ãŸããããå æ°ãéå¿ããªãã£ãããã§ããåé¡ã®äžéšã¯ãç§ãã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢ã®èª°ãã»ãšãã©ç¥ããªãã£ããšããããšã§ãããç§ã¯ããæ°ã«å ¥ãã®å Žæããäœãã€ã«ãé¢ãããçŽ æŽãããæ¯è²ãæãã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢ã®çŽ æµãªå®¶ãè³Œå ¥ããããšã§ãããã«æªåããŸãããç§ã¯æ°ã¶æéæã¡ããããåŸã絶æããŠãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«æ»ã£ããã¢ããŒãã¯å°å°ãããŠããŠãç§ã®æã®å¢ã®ããã«èŠããã®ã§ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã§å®¶è³ç®¡çãã©ã®ããã«çµç¹ãããŠããããç¥ããªããšé©ãã§ããããå°ãªããšãã¢ã€ãã«ã¯ãŸã ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«ããŠãä»ã«ãçµµãæããŠã¿ã人ãããŸãããã誰ãç¥ããŸããã§ããã
ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«æ»ã£ããšãã以åãšåãããã«æ®ããå§ããŸããããä»ã ãéæã¡ã«ãªããŸãããããã¯ãããèãããã®ãšåããããå¥åŠã§ãããæ°ããæ©äŒããããŸããããç§ã¯ä»¥åãšåãããã«ãã¹ãŠãè¡ããŸãããæ©ãã®ã«é£œããããã¿ã¯ã·ãŒã§è¿ãã«æ¥ãŠãããããã«ïŒéšãéã£ãŠããªããã°ïŒæãäžããã ãã§ãããé åçãªã¬ã¹ãã©ã³ãéãããã£ãã®ã§ãç«ã¡å¯ã£ãŠã©ã³ãã泚æããããšãã§ããŸããããã°ãããšããµã€ãã£ã³ã°ã§ãããæç»ãè¯ããªããŸãããç§ã¯éç©ãæãæ°ããæ¹æ³ãè©ŠããŸãããæåã¯ãã€ãã®ããã«çµµãæãã次ã«ãããåçã«æ®ããå°å·ãããã£ã³ãã¹ã«çœ®ãã次ã«åãçµµãæãã2çªç®ã®çµµã®äžå¡ããšããŠäœ¿çšããŸããããªããžã§ã¯ãïŒä»åã¯è ããªãããšãæã¿ãŸããïŒã
éäžãè²·ããã¢ããŒããæ¢ããŠããŸãããä»ãç§ã¯æ¬åœã«ã©ã®å°åã«äœãããéžã¶ããšãã§ããŸãããã±ã³ããªããžããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã®ã©ãã«ããã調ã¹ãŠã¿ãŸãããæ¬ç©ã®ã±ã³ããªããžãäœåºŠã蚪ããåŸãç§ã¯åœŒãããã«ããªãããšã«æ°ã¥ããŸããããã
ãã®é ã2000幎ã®æ¥ã«æãã€ããã Viawebã§ã®çµéšãããå°æ¥ã¯Webã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ããããšãæããã«ãªããŸããã Webã¢ããªãäœæããŠWebã¢ããªãäœæããŠã¿ãŸãããïŒãã©ãŠã¶ãŒãä»ããŠãµãŒããŒäžã®ã³ãŒããç·šéããçµæã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãWebäžã§ãã¹ãããæ©èœã人ã ã«æäŸããŠã¿ãŸãããïŒ [9]ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ããããã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãAPIãªã¯ãšã¹ããéããŠç°¡åã«äœ¿çšã§ããããããçš®é¡ã®ãµãŒãã¹ããµãŒããŒäžã§å®è¡ã§ããŸããããšãã°ãé話ã®çºä¿¡ãšåä¿¡ãç»åã®åŠçãã¯ã¬ãžããã«ãŒãã«ããæ¯æãã®åãåããªã©ã§ãã
ç§ã¯ãã®èãã«ãšãŠãè奮ããŠããã®ã§ãä»ã«äœãèããããŸããã§ããããããæªæ¥ã ã£ããšããäºå®ã¯æçœã«æããŸãããæ°ããäŒç€Ÿãç«ã¡äžããããªãã£ãã®ã§ãããå šäœãšããŠå®æœããå¿ èŠãããããšã¯æããã ã£ãã®ã§ãã±ã³ããªããžã«åŒã£è¶ããŠãã£ãŠã¿ãããšã«ããŸãããç§ã¯ãããŒãããã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã§äžç·ã«ä»äºã«èªãããšãæãã§ããŸãããã圌ã¯çŸåšMITã®ãã¹ãã¯ã§ãããç§ãåå圌ãæåŸ ãããšãã圌ã¯ããããã®ãéã皌ãã ãšããäºå®ã«ããããããã圌ã¯ãŸãå€ãã®æéã倱ããŸããã圌ã¯ãã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ãããŸããããããããªãããšã«åæãããã圌ã¯ããã«ã€ããŠåãçµãããšããã£ã±ããšæåŠããã
ããŒããããŠãããããç§ã¯èªåã§ãã¹ãŠãããªããã°ãªããŸããã§ããã Viawebã§åããŠããDanGiffinãšãå€ã®ä»äºãæ¢ããŠãã2人ã®åŠçãéããä»äºã«åãæãããŸãããããã§ãç§ãã¡ã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã20ã®äŒæ¥ãšããã€ãã®ãªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ãããžã§ã¯ãã«åå²ã§ããããšã¯æããã§ãããã¡ãããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãéçºããããã®èšèªã¯Lispã®æ¹èšã§ãããããããç§ã¯Lispãäžè¬ã®äººã ã«å®£äŒã§ãããšä¿¡ããã»ã©çŽ æŽã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããããã£ã©ã³ã®ããã«è§ãã£ããé ããŸããã
ãããŸã§ã«ãViawebã¯ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãµãŒãã¹ãããã€ããŒïŒASPïŒãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªããŸããããã®ååã¯é·ãã¯ç¶ãããããµãŒãã¹ãšããŠã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãïŒãµãŒãã¹ãšããŠã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ïŒã«çœ®ãæããããŸããããããã§ãç§ã¯æ°äŒç€Ÿãã¢ã¹ãã©ãšåŒã³ãŸããã
ç§ã¯ã¢ããªãã«ããŒãšããŠåãå§ãããã³ã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã€ã³ãã©ã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£ã«æå±ãã2人ã®äžçŽçãæåã®2ã€ã®ãµãŒãã¹ïŒç»åãšé話çšïŒã«åãçµã¿ãŸããããã£ãŒãã®éäžã§ãç§ã¯äŒç€Ÿãçµå¶ããããªãããšã«æ°ã¥ããŸãããç¹ã«å°ããªäŒç€Ÿã¯ãæ¬æ¥ããã¹ã姿ã®ããã§ããããããéã¯ãããªãã®ã«ããªããéãå¿ èŠã ã£ãã®ã§ããïŒç§ã®ããžã§ã³ãäŒç€ŸãšããŠå®çŸããããšãããããã®ããžã§ã³ã§å°çãžããã®äžéšããªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ãããžã§ã¯ããšããŠäœæããŸãã
é©ããããšã«ããã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«æéãç¡é§ã«ããããšã¯ãããŸããã§ããã Y Combinatorãç«ã¡äžããŠä»¥æ¥ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããããã®æ°ããã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã®äžéšã䜿ã£ãŠäœæ¥ããŠããã®ãããèŠãããŸããæéããããŠèãããã®ãããã¯ã«ã€ããŠäœããæžããŠã¿ãã®ãè¯ãã£ãã§ãã
ãã®çµæãç§ãåãçµãã§ãããªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ãããžã§ã¯ãã¯Lispã®æ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ã«ãªãããã®æ¬åŒ§ã¯é ããããããŸããã§ããã Lispã³ãŒããæžãå€ãã®äººã ã¯ãæ°ããLispãäœæããããšã倢èŠãŠããŸããããã¯ããã®èšèªã®éç«ã£ãç¹åŸŽã®1ã€ããã®å€ãã®æ¹èšã§ããããããããŠç§ãã¡ã®å¿ã®ã©ããã«ãã¹ãŠã®æ¹èšãç±æ¥ãããã©ãã³åœ¢åŒã®Lispãããããã§ããå€ã®çµããããããã³ãšç§ã¯ã±ã³ããªããžã§è³Œå ¥ããæ°ãã家ã§ãã¢ãŒã¯ãšåŒã°ããLispã®æ°ããæ¹èšã®äœæ¥ãéå§ããŸããã
次ã®æ¥ã®é·ã鳎ãé¿ãããç§ã¯LispäŒè°ã§è¬æŒããããæåŸ ãããViawebã§ã©ã®ããã«æžãããã話ããŸããããã®è¬æŒã®è¿œèšãpaulgraham.comã«æçš¿ããŸãããããã¯ãViawebãããã£ãšåã«äœæãããã®ã§ããããŸã£ãã䜿çšããŠããŸãããããæãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã®ããããŒãžã¯30,000ãã¥ãŒãåãåããŸããããã£ããäœãèµ·ãã£ããã ïŒ URLãªã³ã¯ããã誰ããç§ã®è¬æŒãSlashdotã«æçš¿ããããšãæããã§ãã[10]ã
ãããŒãç§ã¯èŠ³å®¢ããããšæããŸãããäœããæžããŠãŠã§ãã«èŒããã°ã誰ã§ãèªããããã«ãªããŸããããåœããåã®ããã«èŠããŸããããããã£ãã§ããå°å·ã®æ代ã«ã¯ãççãªæªç©ã«å®ãããŠãèªè ã«æ å ±ãäŒããããã®çããã£ãã«ããããŸãããç·šéè ãæ¬ãæ°èãéèªã®åœ¢ã§åºçããã ãã§ãèŽè¡ãããªãã®ããã¹ãã«åŒãä»ããããšãã§ããŸãããä»ã§ã¯ã誰ã§ãäœã§ãå ¬éã§ããŸãã
ããã¯ãã¹ãŠ1993幎以æ¥å¯èœã§ãããã誰ãããã«ã€ããŠèããŸããã§ãããç§ã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã€ã³ãã©ã®éçºãšå¯æ¥ãªé¢ä¿ããããããã¹ããæžããŠããŸãããããã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ã«ãã©ãçããŸã§ã«8幎ããããŸãããããããç§ã¯ãã®çµæãç解ããã®ã«ããã«æ°å¹ŽããããŸãããããã¯ãæ°äžä»£ã®ãšãã»ã€ãæ¥ãŠããããšãæå³ããŸãã ã [åäž]
å°å·ã®æ代ã«ã¯ããšãã»ã€ãåºçããããã®ãã£ãã«ã¯ã»ãšãã©ãããŸããã§ããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã®å³ç¿Œæ¿å ã«åºåžããå°æ°ã®æåãªææ³å®¶ãé€ããŠããšãã»ã€ã¯åœŒãã®æŽ»åã«ã€ããŠæžããŠããå°é家ã«ãã£ãŠã®ã¿åºçãããããšãèš±ãããŠããŸãããå€ãã®ãšãã»ã€ã¯ãåºçããããã®ãã£ãã«ããªãããã«æžãããããšã¯ãããŸããããã£ã³ãã«ãçŸããŠãç§ã¯æžãã€ããã§ããã [12]
ãããããªããšã«åãçµãã§ããŸããããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã«ãšãã»ã€ãæçš¿ãå§ãããšããã¿ãŒãã³ã°ãã€ã³ãããããŸããããã以æ¥ãäœãããŠããåžžã«ãšãã»ã€ãæžãããšãç¥ã£ãŠããŸããã
ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ãšãã»ã€ã®ç¯å²ã¯æåã¯éçã ãšç§ã¯ç¥ã£ãŠããŸãã ..ã瀟äŒçã«ã¯ããããã®æè©ã¯ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã«ãŒã®é«è²Žã§çŸããã¿ã€ããããæè©ãšãããããããžãªã·ãã£ãŒãºã®ãµã€ã³ãã£ã¬ãŒãã®ããã«èãããŸããããããããã®æç¹ã§ãç§ã¯æãããããšã§ã¯ãªããå®å¿ã§ããããšãååã«ç¥ã£ãŠããŸããã
ç§ã人çã§æ°ã¥ããæãé¡èãªãã¿ãŒã³ã®1ã€ã¯ãäžæµãšã¯èŠãªãããªãäœãã«åãçµãããšãïŒå°ãªããšãç§ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ïŒã©ãã»ã©åªããŠããããšããããšã§ããéç©ç»ã¯åžžã«æãæš©åšã®ãªãã¿ã€ãã®çµµç»ã§ãããç§ãã¡ãå§ãããšããViawebãšYCombinatorã¯èª°ã«ãšã£ãŠã圹ã«ç«ããªãããã«æãããŸãããç§ããšãã»ã€ãæžããŠããŠããããç§ã®ãŠã§ããµã€ãã«å ¬éããããšããŠãããšèšã£ããšããèŠç¥ãã¬äººã¯ãŸã é©ããŠããŸãã ïŒã©ãã³èªã®ããã«ïŒç¥çã«æš©åšããããšèããããŠããLispã§ããããã ãã¡ãã·ã§ããã«ãªããã§ãã
ç®ç«ããªãä»äºãããèªäœã§è¯ããšããããã§ã¯ãããŸãããããããå声ã«åé¡ãããã«ãããããããããçš®ã®ä»äºã«æ¹ãããŠããããšãç解ããŠããå Žåãããã¯ãããã«äœãæ£ããããšããããæ£ããåæ©ãããããšã瀺åããŠããŸããééã£ãåæ©ã¯éå¿çãªäººã ã«ãšã£ãŠå€§ããªåé¡ã§ããäœããããªããè¿·ãããããšãã§ãããªãã°ãããã¯äººã ãæåãããããšããé¡æã§ãããããã£ãŠãç®ç«ããªããã®ã«åãçµãã§ããéãããªããæ£ããè»éã«ä¹ã£ãŠããããšãä¿èšŒããããã§ã¯ãããŸããããå°ãªããšãããã¯ããªãã人æ°ã®ããééã£ãéã«ããªãããšãä¿èšŒããŸãã
次ã®æ°å¹Žéãç§ã¯ããŸããŸãªãããã¯ã«ã€ããŠå€ãã®ãšãã»ã€ãæžããŸããããªã©ã€ãªãŒã¯ã圌ãã«ã€ããŠã®ãšãã»ã€ã®åŸã«ã圌ãã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãããã«ãŒãšã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ããåºçããŸããããŸããã¹ãã ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã«åãçµã¿ããã€ã³ããç¶ããŸãããç§ã¯æšææ¥ã®å€ã«å人ãå€é£ã«æåŸ ãã人ã ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã®ããã«æçãããæ¹æ³ãæããŠãããŸããããã®åŸãã±ã³ããªããžã«ããå¥ã®å»ºç©ãè³Œå ¥ããŸãããããã¯ã以åã¯ãã£ã³ãã£ãŒå·¥å Žã§ãããããªãã£ã¹ãšããŠäœ¿çšããããã«ã以åã¯ãã«ãã¹ã¿ãžãªã§ããã
2003幎10æã®ããæ¥ã家ã§å€§ããªããŒãã£ãŒãããŸãããå人ã®ããªã¢ã»ãããšã«ãºã«ãšã£ãŠã¯çŽ æŽãããã¢ã€ãã¢ã§ããã圌女ã¯ããæšææ¥ã«å€é£ã«æ¥ãŸããã 3人ã®ç°ãªããã¹ããã²ã¹ããããŒãã£ãŒã«æåŸ ããŸããããããã£ãŠããã¹ãŠã®ã²ã¹ãã«ãšã£ãŠãä»ã®ã²ã¹ãã®3åã®2ã¯åœŒããç¥ãããèŠç¥ãã¬äººã«ãªããŸããã²ã¹ãã®äžäººã¯ãç§ãæ¬åœã«å¥œããªäººãç¥ããªãã£ã女ã®åããžã§ã·ã«ã»ãªãã³ã°ã¹ãã³ã§ãããæ°æ¥åŸãç§ã¯åœŒå¥³ã«ããŒããé Œãã ã
ãžã§ã·ã«ã¯ãã¹ãã³æè³éè¡ã§ããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°ãæ åœããŠããŸãããéè¡ã¯åœŒããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã«ã€ããŠç¥ã£ãŠãããšç¢ºä¿¡ããŠããŸããããç¿å¹Žããžã§ã·ã«ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®äžçã§ç§ã®å人ãšäŒã£ããšãã圌女ã¯çŸå®ãšã®éãã«é©ããŠããŸããã圌女ã¯ãŸãã圌ãã®æããã«ã©ãã«ãªç©èªã«ãé©ããŠããŸãããããã§åœŒå¥³ã¯ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®åµèšè ãšã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãæžãããšã«ããŸã ãã
éè¡ã財æ¿çã«èŠæŠãå§ããã¹ã¿ããã®ååãåæžããªããã°ãªããªãã£ããšãããžã§ã·ã«ã¯æ°ããä»äºãæ¢ãå§ããŸããã 2005幎ã®åãã«ã圌女ã¯ãã¹ãã³ã®ãã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«äŒç€Ÿã§ã®ããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°è·ã«ã€ããŠã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒãåããŸããã圌ãã決æãäžãã®ã«æ°é±éããããŸããããã®éãç§ã¯ãã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«ã«ã€ããŠç¥ã£ãŠããã¹ãããšãã¹ãŠã«ã€ããŠåœŒå¥³ã«è©±ãå§ããŸãããäŒç€Ÿã¯ãããã€ãã®å·šå€§ãªæè³ã§ã¯ãªããå€ãã®å°ããªæè³ãè¡ãå¿ èŠãããããšãMBAã§ã¯ãªãè¥ããŠæè¡ã«ç²Ÿéããåµèšè ã«è³éãæäŸããããšãåµèšè ãCEOã®å°äœã«ä¿ã€ããšãªã©ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
ãšãã»ã€ãæžãããã®ç§ã®ãã¯ããã¯ã®1ã€ã¯è©±ãããããšã§ãã人ã ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã®åã«ç«ã¡ãæéãç¡é§ã«ããªãäœãã圌ãã«è©±ããšããèŠéãã¯ãæ³ååãžã®å€§ããªåºæ¿ã§ãããããŒããŒãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãœãµãšãã£ïŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿åŠå£«ã¯ã©ãïŒããè¬æŒãäŸé Œããããšããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®æ§ç¯ã«ã€ããŠè©±ãããšæããŸããããã¶ã圌ãã¯ç§ãã¡ãç¯ããææªã®ééããé¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ããã§ããã®ã¬ããŒããäœæããŸãããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®ããã®æè¯ã®è³éæºã¯ãã¢ããã€ã¹ãæäŸããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãæåããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®åµèšè ãããããªããšç§ã¯èšããŸããããããšããªã¹ããŒå šå¡ãæåŸ ããŠç§ãèŠãŠããããã§ãããåä¿¡ãã¬ã€ã«ããžãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ£ãã°ã£ãŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšæããŠïŒç§ãç¥ã£ãŠããã°ïŒããç§ãããªãïŒããšã¶ã€ã¶ã€èšã£ãããããŠå ±åãç¶ããããããããã®åŸãç§ã¯ãã®ããžãã¹ã延æããã®ããããŠãããžãã¹ãšã³ãžã§ã«ã«ãªãã¹ãã ãšæããŸãããç§ã¯Yahooãšã®ååŒã®æ代ã«ãããããããã£ãã®ã§ããããããã7幎ãçµéããç§ã¯åäžã®æè³ãããŠããŸããã
ãã®éçšã§ãTrevorãRobertããããŠç§ã¯äžç·ã«åãçµãããšãã§ãããããžã§ã¯ããèšç»ããŠããŸãããç§ã¯åœŒããšäžç·ã«ä»äºãããã®ãéããŸããããããŠç§éãååããäœããèŠã€ããããšãã§ããããã§ããã
ãžã§ã·ã«ãšç§ã3æ11æ¥ã®å€é£åŸãã¬ãŒãã³ã¹ããªãŒããšãŠã©ãŒã«ãŒã¹ããªãŒãã®è§ã§å®¶ã«åž°ããšã3ã€ã®ã¹ãã©ã³ããäžç·ã«ãªããŸããã決æãäžãã®ã«ãšãŠãæéãããã£ããã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ãªã¹ããšæ§äº€ãããç§ãã¡ã¯èªåãã¡ã®æè³äŒç€Ÿãèšç«ããç§ãã¡ã話ãåã£ãã¢ã€ãã¢ãå®è¡ããããšã«ããŸãããç§ã¯ãã®äŒç€Ÿã«è³éãæäŸãããžã§ã·ã«ã¯ä»äºãèŸããŠç§ãã¡ãšäžç·ã«åãå§ããããšãã§ãããããŒããšãã¬ããŒã¯ç§ãã¡ã®ããŒãããŒã«ãªãã§ãããã [13]
ç¡ç¥ã¯åã³ç§ãã¡ã«æå©ã«åããŸãããç§ãã¡ã¯ããžãã¹ãšã³ãžã§ã«ã«ãªãæ¹æ³ãç¥ããŸããã§ããããããŠ2005幎ã«ãŸã åŠã¶ã¹ããã³ã³ã³ãŠã§ã€ããããŸããã§ãããç§ãã¡ã¯æçœãªéžæãããã°ââããã§ãããç§ãã¡ã®ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããã€ãã¯æ°ãããã®ã§ããã
Y Combinatorã«ã¯ããã€ãã®ã³ã³ããŒãã³ãããããããããã¹ãŠãããã«æ確ã«ããããšã¯ããŸããã§ããããŸãããšã³ãžã§ã«ãã¡ãŒã ã«ãªããŸããããããŠããããã®2ã€ã®èšèã¯åããªãã£ãããããããæè³ã ããä»äºãšãããã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«äŒç€ŸããããŸãããã圌ãã¯æ°çŸäžãã«ã®å€§èŠæš¡ãªæè³ããããŸããã§ããããããŠãå°ããªæè³ããã倩䜿ãããŸãããããããã¯éåžžãä»ã®ããšã«éäžããåŽã«æè³ãã人ã ã§ããããããã®ã©ããæåã¯åµèšè ãååã«å©ããããšãã§ããŸããã§ãããç§ãã¡ã¯èªåãã¡ãã©ãã»ã©ç¡åã§ãã£ãããæãåºããã®ã§ãåµèšè ãã©ãã»ã©ç¡åã§ããããç¥ã£ãŠããŸãããããšãã°ããžã¥ãªã¢ã³ã¯ãã€ãŠç§ãã¡ã«ãšã£ãŠéæ³ã®ããã«èŠããããšãããŸãã-圌ã¯äŒç€Ÿãèšç«ããŸãããç§ãã¡ã¯ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãçŸããæžããŸããããæ³çãªãã¶ã€ã³ãããã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ãªã©ãããã¯ã©ãããããšã§ããïŒç§ãã¡ã¯ã·ãŒãæè³ä»¥äžã®ãã®ã«åŸäºããã€ããã§ããããžã¥ãªã¢ã³ãããŠããããã¹ãŠã®ããšãããããã£ãã®ã§ãã
YCã¯ããšããšè²¡å£ã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãããäŒç€Ÿã¯ããã»ã©é«äŸ¡ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯èªåãã¡ã®è³éã§ãããè³ã£ããèªè ã®99ïŒ ã¯ããã«ã€ããŠäœã®è³ªåãããªãã§ãããããããŠããã®æè³å®¶ã¯ããããŒãããã§åœŒãã¯åœŒãèªèº«ã®ããã«ãã¹ãŠã®å©çãåããŸããããšæããŸãããç¹°ãè¿ããŸãããããã¯ç§ãã¡ã®èå¥ã«ãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããããã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«ãã©ããªãã®ãç¥ããŸããã§ãããè³éãéããããšã¯ç§ãã¡ã«ã¯æãããããªãã£ããããããããªããã©ãããå§ããã°ããã®ãããããªãã£ãã [14]
YCã®æ倧ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ãããã¢ãã«ã§ããã幎ã«2åãäžåºŠã«è€æ°ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã«è³éãæäŸãããã®åŸ3ãæééäžçã«æ¯æŽãè©Šã¿ãŸãããããã¯æé»çã«ã ãã§ãªããæè³ã«ã€ããŠã»ãšãã©ç¥ããªãã£ããšããäºå®ã®ããã«æ瀺çã«ãèµ·ãããŸãããçµéšãå¿ èŠã§ãããç§ãã¡ã¯èããŸãã-äžåºŠã«è€æ°ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã«è³éãæäŸãããããè¯ãããšã¯äœã§ããããïŒå€ã®éãåŠçã¯ãã€ãã¯äŒæ¥ã§äžæçãªä»äºã«å°±ãããšãç§ãã¡ã¯ç¥ã£ãŠããŸããã代ããã«ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ãããç«ã¡äžãããµããŒããã°ã©ã ãç«ã¡äžããŠã¿ãŸãããïŒåœŒãã¯åãæå³ã§åœã®åµèšè ã ã£ãã®ã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯ããæå³ã§åœã®æè³å®¶ã§ããããšã«çœªæªæãæããŸããã§ãããç§ãã¡ã¯ããããããããããããã®ãéã皌ãå¿ èŠã¯ãªãã£ãã§ãããããç§ãã¡ã¯æè³ãç·Žç¿ããããšãã§ããŸããããããŠç§ãã¡ãäžç·ã«åã人ãã¡ããã€ã¯ããœããã§åãããããå€ããã£ãšé¢çœãéãããŸãããã
ã±ã³ããªããžã«ææããŠãã建ç©ãæ¬ç€ŸãšããŠäœ¿çšããŸãããç§ãã¡ã¯çãé±ã«1åïŒæšææ¥ã«å€é£ãäœã£ãã®ã§ç«ææ¥ã«ïŒããã§å€é£ããšããå€é£åŸãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®å°é家ã«è©±ãããŠããããŸããã
åŠçãå€ã®ä»äºãæ°æ¥ã§è§£æ±ºã§ããããšãç¥ã£ãŠããã®ã§ããµããŒãã¡ãŠã³ããŒããã°ã©ã ãèæ¡ããŸããã圌女ã«ã€ããŠã®åºåãç§ã®ãŠã§ããµã€ãã«æçš¿ããŸãã åŠçãæåŸ ããŠå¿åããŸããããšãã»ã€ãæžãããšãæè³å®¶ã®ããã«ãååŒã®æµãããçã¿åºããšã¯æã£ãŠãã¿ãŸããã§ããããããŸããããŸããã [15]åèšã§ããµããŒãã¡ãŠã³ããŒããã°ã©ã ã«225件ã®ç³è«ããããç³è«ãã人ã®å€ããåæ¥äžãŸãã¯åæ¥éè¿ã§ããããšãããããŸããããµããŒããã°ã©ã ã®ãã®å šäœã®è©±ã¯ãç§ãã¡ãäºæ³ããŠãããããæ·±å»ã«èŠãå§ããŸããã
225ã°ã«ãŒãã®ãã¡20ã°ã«ãŒãã察é¢ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã«æåŸ ãããã®ãã¡8ã°ã«ãŒãã«æè³ããããšã«ããŸãããå°è±¡çãªã°ã«ãŒãã§ãããæåã®ã¹ããªãŒã ã«ã¯ãRedditãJustin KahnãEmmet Sheerãå«ãŸããåŸã«Twitchãèšç«ããAaron Schwartzã¯RSSä»æ§ã®äœæãæ¯æŽããæ°å¹ŽåŸã«ããªãŒãã³ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãã®æ®æè ã«ãªããŸãããSamAltmanã¯åŸã«YCã®2çªç®ã®ç€Ÿé·ãéãè¯ãã£ããããšãã£ãŠãæåã®ã¹ããªãŒã ãè¯ãã£ããšã¯æããŸããããã€ã¯ããœããããŽãŒã«ããã³ãµãã¯ã¹ã®ãããªè©å€ã®è¯ãå Žæã§åã代ããã«ããã®ãããªããã°ã©ã ã«ãµã€ã³ã¢ããããã®ã¯åæ°ãå¿ èŠã§ããã
ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®ååŒã¯ããžã¥ãªã¢ã³ãšã®ååŒïŒ10ïŒ ã§10,000ãã«ïŒãšããããŒããå€ã«MITã®å€§åŠé¢çã«äžãããã®ïŒ6,000ãã«ïŒã®çµã¿åããã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãããåµèšè 1人ããã6,000ãã«ãæè³ããŸãããããã¯ã6ïŒ ãšåŒãæãã«å¹³å12,000ãã«ãæå³ããŸããããã¯åœæã®2åã®ååŒã§ãããããå ¬å¹³ã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããã§ãããããã«ããã®å€ã¯æ¬åœã«æãããžã§ã·ã«ã¯åµèšè ã®ããã«ç¡æã®ãšã¢ã³ã³ãæé ããŸããã [16]
ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®è³éãå¢ããæ¹æ³ã«åºããããããšã«ããã«æ°ã¥ããŸãããããããã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ã¯ãåæã«å€æ°ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®ããã«äœããããããšãã§ããã°ã«ãŒãã§äœæ¥ããããšããã䟿å©ã ã£ãã®ã§ãç§ãã¡ã«ãšã£ãŠãã䟿å©ã§ããããŸããåµèšè ãçŽé¢ããæ倧ã®èª²é¡ã®1ã€ã§ããå€ç«ã«ã€ããŠãåãäžããŸãããçŸåšãåµèšè ã«ã¯éåžžã®ååã ãã§ãªããåé¡ãç解ããåé¡ã解決ããæ¹æ³ãå ±æããŠããååãããŸããã
YCãæé·ããã«ã€ããŠãä»ã®æé·ã®ã¡ãªãããèŠãããããã«ãªããŸãããåçªçã¯ç·å¯ãªã³ãã¥ããã£ã«ãªãã圌ãã¯èªåãã¡ã®æ§åãèŠããŠããã®ã§ããäºãã«ããããŠçŸåšã®ã°ã«ãŒãã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ãããå©ããããšç±æããŠããŸããããŸããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããããäºãã®ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã«ãªãã€ã€ããããšã«æ°ã¥ããŸããã以åã¯ãGDPYCombinatorãã«ã€ããŠåè«ãèšã£ãŠããŸããããä»ã§ã¯åè«ãæžã£ãŠããŸããçŸåšãå€ãã®æ°èäŒæ¥ãã°ã«ãŒãã¡ã€ãã®äžã§æåã®é¡§å®¢ãç²åŸããŠããŸãã
åœåãç§ã¯YCãç§ã®ã¡ã€ã³ã®ãã«ã¿ã€ã ã®ä»äºã«ããã€ããã¯ãããŸããã§ãããã³ãŒããæžãããšãã»ã€ãæžããYCã§åããšãã3ã€ã®ããšãããã€ããã§ããã YCãæé·ããã«ã€ããŠãç§ã¯åœŒã®æ¥åã«ãŸããŸãé¢äžããããã«ãªãããã®çµæã圌ã¯ç§ã®æ³šæã®3åã®1以äžãåãå§ããŸãããããããæåã®æ°å¹Žéã¯ä»ã®ããšãèœã¡çããŠè¡ãããšãã§ããŸããã
2006幎ã®å€ããããŒããšç§ã¯æ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ã®ARCã®éçºã«çæããŸããã Schemeã«ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããã®ã§ããªãéãã£ãããã®èšèªã®æ©èœããã¹ãããããã«ãç§ã¯ãã®äžã«HackerNewsãæžããŸãããåœåã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ãããã¡ãŠã³ããŒã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ã¢ã°ãªã²ãŒã¿ãŒã§ããã¯ãã§ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ãããã¥ãŒã¹ãšåŒã°ããŠããŸããããæ°ãæåŸãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã ããèªãã®ã«é£œããŸãããããã«ãç§ãã¡ã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®åµèšè ã«é£çµ¡ããããããŸããã§ãããç§ãã¡ã¯å°æ¥ã®åµèšè ã«æãå·®ã䌞ã¹ããã£ãã®ã§ããããã§ãååãHacker Newsã«å€æŽããŸããããããã¯ã¯ãç¥ç奜å¥å¿ã«èå³ã®ãããã®ãªãäœã§ãããŸããŸããã
HNã¯ç¢ºãã«YCã«ãšã£ãŠã¯è¯ãããšã§ããããç§ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯å€§ããªã¹ãã¬ã¹ã®åå ã«ãªããŸãããåµæ¥è ãéžãã§æäŒãã ããªã人çã¯ãšãŠã楜ã§ãããããã¯HNãééãã ã£ãããšãæå³ããŸããåœæãç§ã¯ãã©ãœã³äžã«åŠæ æãã¹ãã¬ã¹ã§ã¯ãªããäžé©åãªéŽã®æ°Žã¶ããã§çã¿ãæããŠããŸããã YCã§ã®äœæ¥äžã«ç·æ¥ã®åé¡ãçºçãããšãã60ïŒ ã®ç¢ºçã§HNã§ãããæ®ãã®40ïŒ ãçµã¿åããããŠããŸããã [17]
HNã®ä»ã«ãYC onArcã®ãã¹ãŠã®å éšãœãããŠã§ã¢ãäœæããŸãããããããArcã§æžãç¶ããŠããéãç§ã¯åŸã ã«èšèªèªäœã®äœæ¥ããããŸãããæéã®äžè¶³ãšãã€ã³ãã©ã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£ãããã«äŸåããŠããããšãåå ã®1ã€ã§ããã ããä»ãç§ã¯ãšãã»ã€ãšYCã®2ã€ã®ãããžã§ã¯ããæã£ãŠããŸããã
YCã¯ç§ã以åã«ããä»äºã®ããã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãããç§ã¯ãã¯ãäœã«åãçµãã¹ãããéžã¶ããšãã§ããŸããã§ãããåé¡ã¯åœŒãèªèº«ã§ç§ã«æ¥ãŸããã 6ãæããšã«æ°ããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®ããããåºçŸãã圌ãã®åé¡ïŒããããäœã§ããïŒãç§ãã¡ã®åé¡ã«ãªããŸããã圌ãã®ä»äºã¯å€æ§ã§ãåªããåµèšè ã¯éåžžã«çç£çã ã£ãã®ã§ãããã¯ãšããµã€ãã£ã³ã°ã§ãããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã«ã€ããŠã§ããã ãæ©ãåŠã³ããã®ãªãããã以äžã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãããŸããã
ä»äºã®äžã§æ°ã«å ¥ããªãã£ãéšåããããŸãããå ±ååµèšè éã®è«äºãåãæŽãããšããããšãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã«å€±ç€Œãªäººã ãšæŠãããšãªã©ãããããç§ã¯èªåãå«ããªãã®ã«ãäžçæžåœåãçµã¿ãŸãããç§ã¯ã±ãã³ã»ãã€ã«ã®èãã«æ©ãŸãããŸããïŒãäžåžãããäžçæžåœåã人ã¯ããªãããããã¯èª¬æçãªèããšåŠæ¹ç®ã®äž¡æ¹ã§ããããã®ç¬¬äºã®æ¬è³ªã¯ç§ãæããããŸããã YCãæåããããšãæãã§ããŸãããç§ã®åãæ¹ãä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®äººã«ãšã£ãŠé«ãåºæºãèšå®ããã®ã§ããã°ãç§ã¯æ¬åœã«äžçæžåœåãã»ããããã§ãããã
ãããŒãã¢ãªã¹ã¯2010幎ã®ããæ¥ã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢ã«æ¥ãŠã圌ã¯é©ãã¹ãããšãããŸãã-圌ã¯ç§ã«äžæ¹çãªã¢ããã€ã¹ããããŸãããç§ã¯åœŒãããããäžåºŠã ãèŠããŠããŸãã Viawebã«å ¥ããšãç§ã¯è èçµç³ã§2åã«ãªããRobertã¯ç§ãç é¢ã«é£ããŠè¡ãã¹ãã ãšæ±ºããŸããããããã¯ããããŒããäžæ¹çãªã¢ããã€ã¹ãããå¿ èŠããã£ãçç±ã§ããã§ãããã圌ã®èšèãããèŠããŠããŸãããYCombinatorãæåŸã®ã¯ãŒã«ãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšã確èªããå¿ èŠããããŸããã
ããããç§ã¯åœŒãäœãæå³ããã®ãç解ã§ããŸããã§ãããã圌ãç§ã«å»ãããã«å¿ åããŠããããšã«ããã«æ°ã¥ããŸããã YCãããŸããã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã®ã¢ããã€ã¹ã¯å¥åŠã«æããŸããããããŒãããã®äžæ¹çãªã¢ããã€ã¹ãããå°ãªãé »åºŠã§äœããèµ·ãã£ããšããããããã¯åœŒã®ééãã§ãããèããããããŸããã確ãã«ããã®è»è·¡ã§ã¯ãYCã¯ç§ã®æåŸã®ããžãã¹ã«ãªãã§ãããããªããªãã圌èªèº«ãç§ã®æ³šæãéåžžã«å€ãåã£ãããã§ãã圌ã¯ãã§ã«ã¢ãŒã¯ãæ¶è²»ãããšãã»ã€ãæ¶è²»ãå§ããŸããã YCã¯ç§ã®äººçã®ä»äºã§ããããç§ã¯å»ããªããã°ãªããŸããã§ããããããŠãç§ã¯æ±ºå¿ããŸããã
2012幎ã®å€ãç§ã®æ¯ã¯çŽè žçã«ããè¡æ ã«ããè³åäžãèµ·ãããŸãããè³åäžã¯åœŒå¥³ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãç Žå£ããç§ãã¡ã¯åœŒå¥³ãããŒã·ã³ã°ããŒã ã«å ¥ããŸãããã圌女ã¯ããããæãåºããŠå®¶ã«åž°ããããšæã£ãŠããŸãããç§ã®åŠ¹ãšç§ã¯ããã§åœŒå¥³ãå©ããããšã決å¿ããŸãããç§ã¯ãããªã¬ãŽã³ã«é£ãã§æ¯ã蚪ããŸãããããããã®ãã©ã€ãã§ã¯èããæéããããããããŸããããã®ãã¡ã®1人ã§ãYCãä»ã®äººã«è²æž¡ããæºåãã§ããŠããããšã«æ°ã¥ããŸããã
ç§ã¯ãžã§ã·ã«ã«å€§çµ±é ã«ãªããããã©ããå°ããŸãããã圌女ã¯æåŠããã®ã§ããµã ã»ã¢ã«ããã³ãéãããšã«ããŸãããç§ãã¡ã¯ãããŒããšãã¬ããŒãšè©±ããèŠåå¡ã®å®å šãªå€æŽã«åæããŸããããããŸã§ãYCã¯ç§ãã¡4人ã«ãã£ãŠèšç«ãããLLCã«ãã£ãŠç®¡çãããŠããŸããã YCãé·çãããããã£ãã®ã§ãåµæ¥è ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšã¯äžå¯èœã§ããããããã£ãŠããµã ãåæããã°ãYCãåç·šæããæ©äŒã圌ã«äžããã§ãããããããŒããšç§ã¯åŒéãããžã§ã·ã«ãšãã¬ããŒã¯éåžžã®ããŒãããŒã«ãªããŸããã
ãµã ã«YCã®ç€Ÿé·ã«ãªãããããšå°ãããšã圌ã¯æåã¯åŠå®çã«çããããããååçã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ãããå§ãããã£ãã®ã§ããç§ã¯æŒãç¶ããŸããããããŠ2013幎10æã«åœŒã¯ã€ãã«åæããŸããã 2014幎å¬ã®ã¹ããªãŒã ãã圌ãåŒãç¶ãããšã«ããŸããã 2013幎ã®çµãããŸã§ãç§ã¯ãµã ã«ãŸããŸãæš©éãäžããŠããŸãã-éšåçã«ã¯åœŒãä»äºããã¹ã¿ãŒã§ããããã«ããããããããŠéšåçã«ã¯ç§ã圌女ã®çãåãæ»ããæ¯ã«çŠç¹ãåãããŠããããã§ãã
ããã¯2014幎1æ15æ¥ã«äº¡ããªããŸããããã®ç¬éãè¿ãããšã¯ããã£ãŠããŸãããããããèµ·ãã£ããšãã¯å€§å€ã§ããã
ç§ã¯3æãŸã§YCã§åãç¶ããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããããã¢ã®æ¥ãè¿ããŠçµæã確èªã§ããããã«ããŸããïŒç§ã¯ä»ã§ããèå³ã®ããããšã«åãçµãã§ããåæ¥çãåå¿è ãšè©±ãããŠããŸãããé±ã«æ°æéããããããŸããïŒã
次ã«äœãããã°ããã§ããïŒãããŒãã®ã¢ããã€ã¹ã¯ããã«ã€ããŠäœãèšããªãã£ããäœãä»ã®ããšããããã£ãã®ã§ãçµµã«æ»ããŸãããããã«éäžããã°äœãã§ããã®ãèŠããã£ããããã§ãYCãå»ã£ãç¿æ¥ãç§ã¯çµµãæãå§ããŸãããäœèª¿ã厩ããå ã«æ»ãã®ã«å°ãæéãããããŸãããã楜ããã£ãã§ãã [18]
ç§ã¯2014幎ã®ã»ãšãã©ãçµµã«è²»ãããŸãããç§ã¯ãããŸã§ãã®ããã«ç¶ç¶çã«åãããšãã§ããªãã£ãã®ã§ã以åãããè¯ããªããªããã°ãªããŸããã§ãããç§ã¯ããŸãã¯ãŒã«ã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããããããã§ãè¯ãã£ãã§ãããããã11æãçµµãæããŠããæäžã«ãç§ã¯å€±æããŸããããããŸã§ãèªåãåãçµãã§ããçµµãã©ããªãã®ãããã€ãèå³ãæã£ãŠããŸãããããããªãå®æããã®ãæ¥åžžã®ããã§ãããç§ã¯ãã®çµµã®äœæ¥ãããããã©ã·ãæé€ãããããããããŸããã§ãã-å°ãªããšããŸã ã§ãã
匱ãé³ã ãšæããŸãããã ããããã¯ãŒããµã ã²ãŒã ã§ããããšãå¿ããªãã§ãã ãããäœã«åãçµãããéžæã§ããèªåã«ãšã£ãŠæè¯ã§ã¯ãªãïŒãŸãã¯ããŸãè¯ããªãïŒãããžã§ã¯ããéžæããå Žåãããã¯å¥ã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«å¹²æžããŸãããããŠ50æ³ã®ãšãããããåãçŽ æŽãããæ©äŒãéããŸããã
ç§ã¯åã³ãšãã»ã€ãæžãå§ãã次ã®æ°ã¶æã§ããããã®æ°ããããã¹ããæžããŸãããç§ã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã«é¢ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãèšäºãããã€ãæžããããããã2015幎3æã«ç§ã¯Lispã«åã³åãçµã¿å§ããŸããã
Lispã®éç«ã£ãç¹åŸŽã¯ããã®ã³ã¢ãããã«æžãããèšèªã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã§ããããšã§ããåœåãããã¯éåžžã®æå³ã§ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšããŠèããããŠããŸããã§ãããããã¯ããã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ãã·ã³ã®ä»£æ¿ãšãªãæ£åŒãªèšç®ã¢ãã«ã§ãããšæ³å®ãããŠããŸãããèšèªã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒãäœæããå Žåãå¿ èŠãªäºåå®çŸ©ãããæŒç®åã®æå°ã»ããã¯äœã§ããïŒ John McCarthyã«ãã£ãŠçºæãããïŒãŸãã¯ãããçºèŠãããïŒLispã¯ããã®è³ªåã«å¯Ÿããçãã§ãã [19]
ããã«ãŒã·ãŒã¯ãåŠçã®ã¹ãã£ãŒãã©ãã»ã«ãææ¡ãããŸã§ããã®Lispãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«äœ¿çšã§ããããšã«æ°ã¥ããŠããŸããã§ãããã©ãã»ã«ã¯ããã«ãŒã·ãŒã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãIBM1704æ©æ¢°èªã«ç¿»èš³ãããã®ç¬éããLispã¯éåžžã®æå³ã§ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ãªããŸãããããããèšç®ã¢ãã«ãšããŠã®ãã®èµ·æºã¯ãä»ã®èšèªãäžèŽããããšãã§ããªãã£ã匷ããšåªé ããããã«äžããŸãããçç±ã¯ããããŸããã§ãããããããç§ã倧åŠã«æ¹ãã€ããçç±ã§ãã
1960幎ã®LispMcCarthyã¯ãåŒã解éãã以å€ã®æ¹æ³ãç¥ããŸããã§ããã圌ã«ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§å¿ èŠãªãã®ããããããããŸããã§ããããããã¯è¿œå ãããªããã°ãªãããããããçŸãããšãããããã¯ããã«ãŒã·ãŒã®å ¬ççã¢ãããŒãã䜿çšããŠå®çŸ©ãããŠããŸããã§ããããã®æã¯äžå¯èœã§ãããããã«ãŒã·ãŒã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡ãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒãããããšã«ãããæäœæ¥ã§éèš³è ããã¹ãããŸããã圌ã¯ãã®æ¹æ³ã§ãã¹ãã§ããéèš³è ã®éçã«è¿ã¥ããŠããŸãã-ããã«ãŒã·ãæ°ã¥ããªãã£ããã°ããããŸãããããè€éãªã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ããã¹ãããã«ã¯ããããèµ·åããå¿ èŠããããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã¯ååã«åŒ·åã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã
ä»ã圌ãã¯ååã«åŒ·åã§ããå®å šãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãå®çŸ©ãããŸã§ãããã«ãŒã·ãŒã®å ¬ççã¢ãããŒãã䜿çšã§ããŸãããããŠãããã«ãŒã·ãºã ã®Lispãžã®å€æŽããçºæãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãçºèŠããããšããååãç¶æããŠããéãããã®å質ã®å®å šãªèšèªãäœæã§ããŸããèšããããããã®ã¯ç¢ºãã«é£ããã§ãããå¯èœã§ããã°ããã£ãŠã¿ãŸãããïŒãã£ãŠã¿ãããšã«ããŸããã 2015幎3æ26æ¥ãã2019幎10æ12æ¥ãŸã§ã®4幎éã§ããã幞ããªããšã«ãæ確ãªç®æšããããŸãããããããªããšããããé·ãè¡ãã®ã¯é£ããã§ãããã
Bel inArcãšããæ°ããLispãæžããŸãããççŸããŠããããã«èŠãããããããŸããããããã¯ç§ããã¹ãŠãæ©èœãããããã«ããªãã¯ã«é Œããªããã°ãªããªãã£ãããšã瀺ããŠããŸããããã€ãã®ããªãã¯ã®å©ããåããŠãç§ã¯åãèšèªã§æžãããå®è¡å¯èœãªèšèªéèš³è ã«å¯èœãªéãè¿ããã®ãæžãããšãã§ããŸãããããã»ã©é«éã§ã¯ãããŸãããããã¹ãã«ã¯ååãªé床ã§ãã
ãã®ã»ãšãã©ã®æéãç§ã¯ãšãã»ã€ãæžãããšãçŠããŠããŸããããããªããã°ç§ã¯æ±ºããŠçµãããªãã§ãããã2015幎ã®çµããã«ãç§ã¯ãšãã»ã€ãæžãããã«3ã¶æãåã£ãŠãããŸããããããŠç§ããã«ã®ä»äºã«æ»ã£ããšããç§ã¯ã³ãŒããã»ãšãã©ç解ã§ããŸããã§ããããããäžååã«æžãããããã§ã¯ãªããããã°ã©ã ãæ··ä¹±ããŠããããã§ããåãèšèªã§æžãããèšèªã®éèš³è ã«åãçµãã§ããå Žåãã©ã®ã¬ãã«ã§äœãèµ·ãã£ãŠãããã远跡ããããšã¯å°é£ã§ããããšã©ãŒã¯åä¿¡ãããåã«æå·åãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ããã§ãç§ã¯ãã«ã®ä»äºãçµãããŸã§ããã以äžãšãã»ã€ãæžããŸããã§ããããã®æ°å¹Žéãç§ã¯ãããŸã§ä»¥äžã«äžçæžåœåããããäœãããŠããªãããã«èŠãããããããªããææãäžæ°å³ãªãã°ã«äœæéãèŠåŽããåŸãHNãŸãã¯Twitterã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããŠããPaul Grahamã¯ãŸã ã³ãŒããæžããŠããŸããïŒããªã©ã®æçš¿ãç®ã«ããŸããã
ãã«ã¯ææŠçã§ãããããããããããŸãããç§ã¯éåžžã«ç±å¿ã«åãçµãã ã®ã§ãåžžã«é ã®äžã«ã³ãŒãã®å¡ãããããŸããŸãæžãããšãã§ããŸããã 2015幎ã®æŽããæ¥ã«ç·ã®åãšäžç·ã«ããŒãã«æ©ããŠãç¶ç·šã®åé¡ã解決ããæ¹æ³ãèããç·ãã¡ãæ³¢ã®äžã§éã¶ã®ãèŠãŠããã®ãèŠããŠããŸãããã®ç®æ°ããã«é©ããã®ã§ããã®ç¬éãèŠããŠããŸããä»åŸæ°å¹Žéã§ããã®ãããªç¬éãå¢ããã®ã¯è¯ãããšã§ãã
2016幎ã®å€ã«ç§ãã¡ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã«åŒã£è¶ããŸãããç§ãã¡ã¯åäŸãã¡ã«ä»ã®åœã§ã®ç掻äœéšãããŠãããããã£ãã®ã§ãããç§ã¯çãŸãã€ãã€ã®ãªã¹åžæ°ã ã£ãã®ã§ããã®éžæã¯æçœã§ããã ïŒå¹Žã ãæ»åšãããã£ãã®ã§ããããšãŠãæ°ã«å ¥ããæ»åšããããšã«ããŸããããã«ã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã§æžãããŸããã
2019幎ã®ç§ãç§ã¯ãã«ã®ä»äºãçµããŸããããªãªãžãã«ã®McCarthyLispã®ããã«ãããã¯å®è£ ãšãããããä»æ§ã§ãããMcCarthyã®Lispã®ããã«ãããã¯ã³ãŒãã§è¡šçŸãããä»æ§ã§ãã
ä»ãç§ã¯åã³ãšãã»ã€ãæžãããšã«æ»ãããšãã§ããŸãããç§ã¯ç§ã«ãšã£ãŠèå³æ·±ããããã¯ãããããåãäžããŸãããç§ã¯2020幎ãŸã§ãšãã»ã€ãæžãç¶ããããããåã³èªåãäœã«åãçµãããšãã§ãããã«ã€ããŠèãå§ããŸãããäœãããããéžæããæ¹æ³ã¯ïŒä»¥åãã©ã®ããã«ããŠãã®éžæãããŸãããïŒç§ã¯ãããã®è³ªåã«çããããã«èªåèªèº«ã®ããã«ãšãã»ã€ãæžããŸããããããŠçããã©ãã»ã©é·ããŠæ··ä¹±ããŠãããã«é©ããŠããŸããã圌ãç§ãé©ãããããããããã¹ãŠçãã人ã¯ãä»ã®äººã«ãšã£ãŠã©ãã»ã©é¢çœãã ããããšæããŸããããã¶ãããã®ããã¹ãã¯ã人çããšãŠãæ··æ²ãšããŠããä»ã®äººã ãåºæ¿ããã§ããããïŒä»ã®äººãèªããããã«ãç§ã¯åœŒãã®ããã«ãã£ãšè©³çŽ°ãªããŒãžã§ã³ãæžããŸãã-ãããŠããã圌女ã®æåŸã®æã§ãã
ããŒã
[1] PCã§ã®ç§ã®çµéšã§ã¯ãã¿ã€ã ã·ã§ã¢ãªã³ã°ãã·ã³ãšã€ã³ã¿ã©ã¯ãã£ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãšãã1ã€ã®æ代ãæ¬ ããŠããŸããç§ã¯ãã³ãã«ãŒãããçŽæ¥ãã€ã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã«åãæ¿ããã®ã§ãåŸè ã¯ããŸãåºæ¿çã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã
[2]äžè¬çãªæŠå¿µã«å¯Ÿããã€ã¿ãªã¢èªã®æå³ã¯ãè±èªã®åçèªããäºæž¬ã§ããŸãïŒPolluzioneã®ãããªãã©ãããé€ãïŒãæ¥åžžã®èšèã ããéããŸããããã€ãã®äžè¬çãªæŠå¿µãšåçŽãªåè©ãçµã³ä»ãããšãã€ã¿ãªã¢èªåŠç¿ãããçšåºŠé²æ©ãããããšãã§ããŸãã
[3]ç§ã¯ãµã³ãã§ãªãŒãã§4åºå Žã«äœãã§ããã®ã§ãã¢ã«ããã¢ãžã®æ£æ©ã¯å€ããã£ã¬ã³ãã§ã®ããããšããã§è¡ãããŸããããããã£ãéããæ©ãæž¡ãããªã«ãµã³ãã±ãŒã¬ãéãããã¥ãªãŒã¢ãšæŽç€Œå ã®éããªã«ãŒãœãªéãã«æ²¿ã£ãŠãµã³ãã«ã³åºå ŽãŸã§ããã£ã¬ã³ãã§ã®è¡äžŠã¿ã¯ã空ã£ãœã®æãå¬ã®å€ããã芳å 客ã§ã«ãããæãå€ã®æ¥ãŸã§ãããŸããŸãªå·ã§èŠãããŸããã
[4]ãã¡ãããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠïŒãããŠæºåãã§ããŠããã°ïŒäººã ãéç©ãšããŠæãããšãã§ããŸãããã®ãããªèåç»ã¯ããããéç©ç»ã®é ç¹ã§ãããé·ãäžåã¯ã·ãã¿ãŒã®éã§çã¿ã䌎ãè¡šçŸãåŒãèµ·ãããŸãã
[5] Interleafã¯ãã¯ãŒã«ãªãã¯ãããžãŒãæ§ç¯ããè³¢ã人ã ãæ±ããå€ãã®äŒæ¥ã®1ã€ã§ããããã ãŒã¢ã®æ³åã«ãã£ãŠãã¹ãŠãç Žå£ãããŸããã 1990幎代ã«ã¯ãããã»ããµèœåã®ææ°é¢æ°çæé·ïŒããšãã°ãIntelã«ããïŒã«ãããç¹æ®ãªãœãããŠã§ã¢ãšãââãŒããŠã§ã¢ã補é ããäŒæ¥ãæçžãããŸããã
[6]ããŒãã¢ã€ã©ã³ãã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãªããã¶ã€ã³ã®ãã©ã³ãã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ãæ±ãã人ã¯ãå¿ ãããåå µã§ã¯ãããŸãããé«äŸ¡ãªãã®ã¯ãã¹ãŠã¯ãŒã«ã«ãªããã¯ãŒã«ã«èŠãããã®ã¯ããã«é«äŸ¡ã«ãªããŸãã
[7]æè¡çã«ã¯ãã¢ããŒãã®å®¶è³ã¯ç®¡çãããŠããŸããã§ããããå®å®ããŠããŸããããããããã¹ãŠã®ããšã¯ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã«ãŒã ãã«æããã§ããèŠããã«ãããã¯éåžžã«å®ããåžå ŽäŸ¡å€ã®ååãäžåã£ãŠãããšããããšã§ãã
[8]ã»ãšãã©ã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã¯éçºãå®äºããåŸã«ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ããŸããããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã¹ãã¢ãã«ããŒã§äœæ¥ããŠããŠãŠãŒã¶ãŒãããªãå Žåãããã¯ããã»ã©åçŽã§ã¯ãããŸããããããªãã¯ããŒã³ãã®åã«ããã©ã€ããŒãããŒã³ããè¡ãå¿ èŠããããŸãããã€ãŸããéããããŠãŒã¶ãŒã°ã«ãŒããåéããé©åãªåºèã確ä¿ããå¿ èŠããããŸããã
[9] Viawebã«ã¯ãç¬èªã®ããŒãžã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãäœæã§ããã³ãŒããšãã£ã¿ããããŸããã圌ãã¯ãããç¥ããŸããã§ããããå éšã§LispåŒãç·šéããŸãããããããã³ãŒãã¯ãè²·ãæããµã€ãã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããšãã§ã¯ãªãã売ãæããµã€ããäœæãããšãã«å®è¡ããããããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšãã£ã¿ãŒã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã
[10]ããã¯ãã®ãããªçµéšã®æåã®äŸã§ãããåŸã«èŠªããŸããŸãããã³ã¡ã³ããèªãã§ãããã«ããããã®æã£ãŠãã人ãèŠã€ãããšããåãããšãèµ·ãããŸããã Lispãä»ã®èšèªãããåªããŠãããšã©ãããŠèšããŸããïŒåœŒãã¯ãã¥ãŒãªã³ã°å®å šã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã§ããïŒç§ã®ãšãã»ã€ã«å¯Ÿããåå¿ãèŠã人ã¯ãç§ãæ°ã®æ¯ã«æããšèšãããšããããŸããåœåããããã ã£ããšèšã£ãŠãéèšã§ã¯ãããŸãããããã¯ãã¹ãŠé åžã«ä»å±ããŠããŸãããšãã»ã€ã¯ããŸã ç¥ããªãããšã人ã ã«äŒãã人ã ã¯ããã奜ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã
[11]ãã¡ããã90幎代ã«ã¯äººã ã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã«å€ãã®ããšãæçš¿ããŸããããããããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã«èŒããããšãšå ¬éããããšã¯2ã€ã®ç°ãªãããšã§ãããã®åºçç©ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããçãäž»ãªãã®ãšèŠãªããŠããããšãåæãšããŠããŸãã
[12] YCombinatorã§ã®çµéšããåŠãã äžè¬çãªæèšã1ã€ãããŸããçšé¢ã¯ããããåŒãèµ·ãããæ¡ä»¶ããªããªã£ãåŸããã£ãšããªããå¶éããŸããæã ããšãã»ã€ã®æžãæ¹ã®ãããªäžè¬çãªãã³ãã£ãŒæè³æ £è¡ã¯ãå®éã®å¶çŽã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®ç«ã¡äžãã¯ããè²»çšããããããããã£ãã«èµ·ãããªãã£ããä»ã§ã¯å®ããŠæ®åããŠãããããããŸãããããã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ãªã¹ãã®ç¿æ £ã¯ããšãã»ã€ã®å·çã®ç¿æ £ããŸã å€ãå°å·æ代ã®ç¿æ £ãåæ ããŠããããã«ãæ§äžçã®ç§©åºãåæ ããŠããŸãã
ããã¯ãã¹ãŠãç¬ç«ããæèãæã€ïŒã€ãŸããç¿æ £ã®åœ±é¿ãåãã«ããïŒäººã ããæ¥éã«å€åããé åïŒç¿æ £ãæ代é ãã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ãé«ãïŒã§æå©ã«ãªãããšãæå³ããŸãã
èå³æ·±ãç¹ïŒã©ã®ãã£ãŒã«ããæ¥æ¿ãªå€åã®åœ±é¿ãåããããåžžã«äºæž¬ã§ãããšã¯éããŸãããæããã«ãããã¯ãœãããŠã§ã¢ããã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«ãžã®æè³ã«ãåœãŠã¯ãŸããŸããã誰ããšãã»ã€ãæžãããšãèããã§ããããã
[13] YCombinatorãšããååã¯å ã®ååã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãããç§ãã¡ã¯æåã«äŒç€Ÿãã±ã³ããªããžã·ãŒããšåä»ããŸãããã·ãªã³ã³ãã¬ãŒã®èª°ããç§ãã¡ãã³ããŒããå Žåã«åããŠãå°ååºæã®ååãåé€ãããã£ãã®ã§ãæãã¯ãŒã«ãªã©ã ãèšç®ã®ããªãã¯ã®1ã€ã§ããYã³ã³ãããŒã¿ã«ã¡ãªãã§äŒç€Ÿåãå€æŽããŸããã
æãããä»ã®VCã§ã¯äœ¿çšãããŠããªããªã¬ã³ãžãã¡ã€ã³ã«ã©ãŒãšããŠéžã³ãŸããã 2005幎ããã¹ãŠã®ãã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«ãã¡ã³ãã¯ãåµèšè ã§ã¯ãªããªããããããŒãããŒã®æ³šç®ãéããããšããŠããããããããè²ããã€ããŒãã°ãªãŒã³ã®å³æ Œãªè²ã䜿çšããŸããã YCã®ããŽã¯åè«ã§ãã Viawebã®ããŽã¯èµ€ãäžžã®äžã®çœãVã ã£ãã®ã§ãç§ã®YCããŽã¯ãªã¬ã³ãžè²ã®åè§ã®äžã®çœãYã§ãã
[14] 2009幎ãããYCã¯æ°å¹Žéè³éã§ãããããã®åŸå€§ãããªããããŠãèªåã§è³éã調éã§ããªããªããŸãããããããHerokuãè³Œå ¥ããåŸãèªå·±è³éã«æ»ãã®ã«ååãªãéããããŸããã
[15]ããã£ãŒã«ãããŒããšããçšèªã¯ãæ°ããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã®æ°ãåžžã«åºå®ãããŠããããšãæå³ããããã奜ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãããããã¯åã§ãããYCã®ç®æšã¯ãä»ã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ååšããªãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ãããèŠã€ããæå©ããããããšã§ããã®äž»åŒµã«åè«ããããšã§ãã
[16]ãžã§ã·ã«ã¯ããšã¢ã³ã³ã®éèŠãéåžžã«é«ããã§ããéããã¹ãŠãèŠã€ããå¿ èŠããã£ãããããã¹ãŠç°ãªã圢ç¶ãšãµã€ãºã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŸããããããã¯ãã¹ãŠåœŒå¥³ãéã¶ããšãã§ãããããéãã£ãã
[17] HNã®ãã1ã€ã®åé¡ã¯ããšãã»ã€ãæžããŠãã©ãŒã©ã ãäž»å¬ãããšãã«çºçããå¥åŠãªãšããžã±ãŒã¹ã§ãããã©ãŒã©ã ããã¹ãããå Žåãäžè¬çãªãã¹ãŠã®äŒè©±ã§ã¯ãªãã«ããŠããåå ãããã¹ãŠã®äŒè©±ã衚瀺ã§ãããšæ³å®ãããŸããããªãããšãã»ã€ãæžããšãã人ã ã¯éåžžã«ç·©ããŠééã£ã解éã§ãã©ãŒã©ã ã«æçš¿ããŸãããããšã¯å¥ã«ããããã®çŸè±¡ã¯ç²ããŸãããèããããŸãããäžç·ã«ãããšç Žå£çã§ããããªããäŒè©±ã«åå ããŠãããšä»®å®ããããšã¯ãäžè¬çãªèª€è§£ãæåŠãããããæ£ãããšèªèããããšãæå³ããããã誀解ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããå¿ èŠããããŸããäžæ¹ã§ãããã¯å¿åŒ·ãããšã§ããããªããšæŠããããšæã人ã¯èª°ã§ãããã£ã³ã¹ãããããã«æããã§ãããã
[18] YCãå»ãããšã«ã€ããŠã®æãæ²ããããšã¯ãç§ãã¡ããããžã§ã·ã«ãšä»äºãããªããªã£ãããšã§ãããç§ãã¡ã¯ãäºããç¥ã£ãŠããã»ãšãã©ã®æéYCã«åãçµãã§ããŸããããããŠç§ãã¡ã¯ãã®ä»äºãç§ç掻ããåãé¢ãããšã¯ããŸããã§ããããã®åºçºã¯ãæ ¹ã®æ·±ãæšãåŒãæããããªãã®ã§ããã
[19]çºæãšçºèŠã®æŠå¿µãåé¢ãã1ã€ã®æ¹æ³ã¯ããšã€ãªã¢ã³ã«ã€ããŠè©±ãããšã§ããååã«é²ãã ãšã€ãªã¢ã³ææã¯ããããããã¿ãŽã©ã¹ã®å®çã«ã€ããŠç¥ã£ãŠããŸããç§ã¯ã圌ããããã«ãŒã·ãŒã®1960幎ã®èšäºããLispã«ã€ããŠèãããšä¿¡ããŠããŸãïŒç¢ºå®æ§ã¯äœãã§ããïŒã
ããããããã§ããã°ãããã圌ããç¥ã£ãŠããèšèªã®éçã§ãããšä»®å®ããçç±ã¯ãããŸããããšã€ãªã¢ã³ã¯ããããæ°åããšã©ãŒããããŠI / Oãå¿ èŠãšããã§ãããããããã£ãŠãLispMcCarthyãçºèŠãããå¯èœæ§ãå°ãªããšã1ã€ãããŸãã
ãã®ããã¹ãã®ãã©ãããèªãã§ãããTrevorBlackwellãJohn CollisonãPatrick CollisonãDaniel HuckleãRalph HazellãJessica LivingstonãRobert MorrisãHargeTaggarã«æè¬ããŸãã
Telegramãã£ãã«ãŸã㯠Facebookã§ããã·ã¢èªã®YC StartupLibrary ãã¥ãŒã¹ããã©ããŒããŠãã ãã ã
䟿å©ãªçŽ æ
- ããŒã«ã»ã°ã¬ã¢ã ã®ãšãã»ã€ã®143ã®ç¿»èš³ã®éžæïŒ184ããïŒ
- Y Combinatorããã®ãã·ã¢èªã§ã®75ã®è¬çŸ©ïŒ172ã®ãã¡ïŒ
- Y CombinatorïŒãã·ã¢èªã話ãåµèšè
- YCombinatorã2020幎ã«æ±ããŠããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ãã
- ãã·ã¢èªã§ãã£ããYã³ã³ãããŒã¿
- Facebookã§å ¬éYCombinatorïŒãã·ã¢èªïŒ