こんにちは、Habr。「EcosystemHadoop、Spark、Hive」コースの将来の学生のために、資料の翻訳を準備しました。
また、「Sparkアプリケーションのテスト」ウェビナーにすべての人を招待します。このオープンレッスンでは、Sparkアプリケーションのテストにおける問題(統計データ、部分的な検証、重いシステムの開始/停止)について検討します。ソリューションのライブラリを調べて、テストを書いてみましょう。
この記事では、Apache Sparkでの結合操作にのみ焦点を当て、Spark結合テクノロジーが構築されている基盤の概要を説明します。
結合は、2つのデータセットを相互に関連付けるために、一般的なデータマイニングストリームでよく使用されます。統合分析エンジンであるApacheSparkは、さまざまな結合シナリオを実行するための強固な基盤も提供しています。
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