-ã¿ãªãããããã«ã¡ã¯ãç§ã®ååã¯ãªã·ã£ããã§ããYandexæ€çŽ¢ã®å質ã«çŽ3幎éåãçµãã§ããŸãããã§ããä»æ¥ã¯ä»äºã«ã€ããŠã§ã¯ãªããèªç±ãªæéã«äœãããŠããã®ãã話ããããšæããŸããç§ã¯éåæ å ±åŠã«æºãã£ãŠããŸãããå®éã«ã¯ãéåã¢ãã«ãå«ãããŸããŸãªèšç®ã¢ãã«ããããŸãã
éåæ å ±åŠã¯çŸåšèå³æ·±ãåéã§ããããã§ã¯å€ãã®åªåã泚ãããå€ãã®ããšãè¡ãããŸãããç§ã®å ±åã§ã¯ãããªãæ¹ã®äœäººãã«èå³ãæã£ãŠã¿ãã€ããã§ãããã¶ããéåæ©æ¢°åŠç¿ããããããšæã£ãŠããã¯ãŒã«ãªMLãšã³ãžãã¢ããããã¯ãã®æ¹åã«æè³ã§ãã匷åãªã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã è«è ãããã§ããããæªæ¥ãããããæ¥ãã®ã§ããã¯çŽ æŽãããã§ãããã
ç§ã¯ç©çåŠè ã§ã¯ãªãããšãããã«èšããªããã°ãªããŸããããã£ãšç§ãããç©çåŠã®ãã¹ãŠã®ããã»ã¹ãç解ããŠãã人ãããã§ãããããããã£ãŠãç©çåŠã«ã€ããŠã¯ã»ãšãã©äœãèšããŸããã
代æ°ãå°ãèŠããŠããããšããã¯ãã«ãšã¯äœãããã¯ãã«ã«è¡åãä¹ç®ããæ¹æ³ãèŠããŠããããšãæåŸ ããŸãã
ã¬ããŒãã¯ã©ã®ããã«æ§æãããŸããïŒãŸããæŽå²ã«ã€ããŠãèªä¿¡ãæã£ãŠå°æ¥ãèŠæ®ããããã«ãã¹ãŠãã©ãããæ¥ãã®ãã«ã€ããŠã話ããŸãã次ã«ããããé©çšã§ããå ŽæãçŸåšã®ç¶æ ãæã§äœããå®è¡ã§ãããã©ããã確èªããŸããéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã§å®è¡ã§ããæåã®Pythonããã°ã©ã ãäœæããŸãããããŠããŸããšããŠãéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãå€å žçãªãã®ãšæ¯èŒããŠæ¯é¡ãªãåªããããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãéæããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®äŸãããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã
ã©ã®ããã«ããŠãã¹ãŠãå§ãŸã£ãã®ã§ããïŒãã®è¥ãç·ãããããã¯ã¢ã©ã³ãã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ã§ãã圌ã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ãŸãã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã®ç¶ãšåŒã¶ããšãã§ããŸãã 1930幎代ã«ããã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ã¯èšç®ããã°ã©ã ã®ã¢ãã«ãæãã€ããŸãããããããçŸåšã¯ããã°ã©ã å¯èœãªã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãšåŒãã§ããŸãããããã誰ãããã®äººãèªèããŸããïŒ
ããå°é£ã圌ã®å§ã¯ããã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ã®å§ã®é£ã«æ¥ãããšããããããŸããããã¯ã¢ãã³ãã©æäŒã§ããã圌ã¯èšç®å¯èœæ§ã®åé¡ãæ±ã£ãŠããŸããããã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ã圌èªèº«ã®èšç®ã¢ãã«ãæãä»ãå°ãåããã§ãããããããã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ã®äœåã¯ãã人æ°ã«ãªããŸããããããŠäžè¬çã«ãæäŒã¯ããæç¹ã§ãã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ã®ç§åŠé¡§åã§ãããäžç·ã«åãããŠã圌ãã®ååã¯éåžžãã®è«æã«é¢é£ä»ããããŠããŸãã
Church-Turingã®è«æã«ããã°ãã©ã®ããã»ã¹ãTuringãã·ã³ã§å¹ççã«ã¢ãã«åã§ããŸããããã¯30代åŸåãã40代ååã§ããã¹ãŠãéåžžã«è¯å¥œã§ãããã®2人ãç»å ŽãããŸã§ãçŽ30幎éããã¹ãŠãéåžžã«è¯å¥œã§ããã誰ãç¥ã£ãŠããŸããïŒ
ããã¯ãã§ã«70幎代ã§ãçŸåšã«éåžžã«è¿ãã§ãããããã®å§ã¯ãæå·åã³ãŒã¹ã§ããèŠãããŸãããããã¯ãããŒãã»ãã€ãã³ã²ãŒã«ãšãã©ã«ã«ãŒã»ã¹ãã©ãã»ã³ã§ãããããã®2人ã¯ãæ°å€ãåçŽãã©ããããã§ãã¯ããããã®ç¢ºççã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ããœãããªãŒã»ã¹ãã©ã»ã³æ€å®ãèæ¡ããããšã§æåã§ãã
ããã¯ãç§ãã¡ã«ãšã£ãŠéåžžã«éèŠãªãã€ã³ãã§ãããããŸã§ããã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ãã·ã³ã§ä»»æã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ããã»ã¹ãã¢ãã«åã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããã§ãããããä»ã§ã¯ããã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãã¢ãã«åã§ããªãããšãããããŸãããããã¯ç¢ºçè«çã§ããããã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ãã·ã³ã«ã¯ãã®ãããªãã®ã¯ãããŸããã
ç§ã¯ç°¡åãªä¿®æ£ãè¡ããã©ã®ããã»ã¹ã確çè«çãã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ãã·ã³ã§ã¢ãã«åã§ãããšèšããŸãããããã¯ããããŸãã¯ãŒã«ã§ã¯ãããŸããã確ãã«ããªãã®äžäººãããªãã®èžãã€ãŸãã§ããŸããããªãã¯æã£ãïŒã©ã®ããã«ïŒä»ãç§ãã¡ã¯ã確ççããšèšããŸãã10幎åŸã«äœããçºèŠãããäœãä»ã®ãã®ãä¿®æ£ããå¿ èŠããããŸããããã¯ããŸã楜ãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããããããããã¡ããããªããšç§ã ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã
å¥ã®è¥è ãããŸãã-David DeutschããããŠã圌ãäžæè°ã«æã£ãïŒã©ã®ããã«ïŒã©ããã£ãŠæ®ãããŠããïŒåœŒã¯ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ã«ãã£ãŠç©çåŠè ã§ããã圌ã®äººçå šäœãç©çåŠã«æ§ããŸããããããŠãç©çåŠã®èŠ³ç¹ãããã®åé¡ã«åãçµãããšã«ããŸããã圌ã¯èšã£ãïŒèªç¶ãã®ãã®ãããããŸãã«äºå®ã§ããããšãç§ãã¡ã«åããããã«ãå ·äœåããŠäœããåŸãããšããŸãããããããŠãèªç¶ã¯ãã®ãšããã§ã«ïŒãããŠç§ãã¡ã¯ãŸã ä¿¡ããŠããïŒãããéåååŠã§ãããšèšã£ãŠããŸãããããã§ç§ãã¡ã¯éåååŠã®çããæ¢ãå§ããŸããããããŠãéåæ å ±åŠãå§ãŸã£ãã®ã¯ãDavid DeutschãšåœŒã®æåã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã§ããã
ããã¯æŽå²ãžã®éåžžã«å°ããªé 足ãªã®ã§ãç解ã§ããã§ãããããã¡ããããã®åéã«ã¯ãçè«äžãå®éã«åé¡ãããããããå§ãã人ã ãèŠãããŠããŸãã
ãããããã¹ãŠã¯çè«ã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã®ã¿ã§ããïŒæŠããŠãæ°åŠã®èŠ³ç¹ããã¯ãåé¡ã¯æ®ã£ãŠããŸãããæ°åŠçã«ã¯ãéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãã©ã®ããã«æ©èœãããã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã¹ãŠç¥ã£ãŠããŸããçŸåšãããŸããŸãªæ¹æ³ã§åäœãããããŸããŸãªæ§æã®å®éã®éåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒããã§ã«ååšããŠããŸãããããŠããã¯ãæŠããŠããšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã®èª²é¡ã§ãã
ããšãã°ãç§ãã¡ã®ç 究æã«ã¯ãéåæ å ±åŠãæ±ãéšéå šäœããããŸããæ°åŠè ãšç©çåŠè ãããŸããç©çåŠè ã¯çŸåšãéåæ å ±ã®é·æä¿åã®åé¡ã«éåžžã«å¯æ¥ã«åãçµãã§ããŸããããã¯ç§ãã¡ã®ããŒããã©ã€ãã«éåžžã«äŒŒãŠããŸãããéåæ å ±ãããã«ä¿åããããšèããŠããŸãã
ãã®çµæžå šäœã®çšéã¯äœã§ããïŒãã¡ãããæåã«é ã«æµ®ãã¶ã®ã¯ããã»ã¹ã®ã¢ããªã³ã°ã§ããããã¯ãäžçãéåååŠã§ããããã§ãããŸããéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã䜿çšããŠããã»ã¹ãååŠåå¿ãªã©ãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒããããšãèšç®ã³ã¹ããå€§å¹ ã«å®ããªããŸãã
2çªç®ã®éåžžã«å€§ããªã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¯ãçŸåšå€ãã®åªåã泚ãããŠããŸãããéåæ©æ¢°åŠç¿ã§ããéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãåŠç¿ããã»ã¹èªäœã®ã¹ããŒãã¢ãããšã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®æ¹åã«åœ¹ç«ã€ããšãæåŸ ããŠããŸããããã«ã¯å€ãã®äœæ¥ããããŸããããšãã°ãç§ãã¡ã®éåã°ã«ãŒãã¯äžåœã®ç§åŠè ãšååããŠããŸãã圌ã¯éåžžã«åŒ·åãªMLãšã³ãžãã¢ã§ãããç§ãã¡ã¯äœããäžç·ã«èãåºãããšããŠããŸãããéåãã€ã¢ã¹ãå°ããããŸãã
3çªç®ã¯ãæ°ãæåã«å°ãèªå€§åºåã§ãããä»ãèªå€§åºåã¯ãã§ã«ç ã£ãŠããŸãããéåãããã¯ãã§ãŒã³å šäœãããããŸããããã¯ç§ã®èŠªåãšèŠªåã«ãã£ãŠçºæãããŸãããããã¯ç§ã§ããå°ãèªãããã«èšããŸãã
ããããéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãããŸãããæ®å¿µãªãããPythonã§ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãããããç°¡åã«å®¶ã«åž°ã£ãŠããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
äœããã¹ããïŒååŠæã®è«æãæžããŠãããšãã3幎ç®ã«ã©ããããèããŠããŸãããç§ã¯éåèšç®ãšãã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ãæžããŠããŸããããã¡ããã誰ãããšãã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ãäœæãã誰ããäœããã®åœ¢ã§ãšãã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ã䜿çšããŸãã 4幎ç®ã«ã¯ãå¹²æžããã€ãºãªã©ãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒããããšãã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ãäœæããŸããããããŠãç§ã¯éå±ããŸããã
æ€çŽ¢ãšã³ãžã³ã§æ€çŽ¢ããŠã¿ããšããããšãã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ãããããããããšã«æ°ã¥ããŸãããããã«ããã€ãã®ãªã³ã¯ããããŸãããããã¯éåžžã«ã·ã³ãã«ã§èå³æ·±ããã®ã§ãã
- github.com/quantumlib/Cirq
- github.com/artiste-qb-net/qubiter
- code.google.com/archive/p/pyqu
- qiskit.org
ããããç§ã¯qiskitã«ç«ã¡å¯ãããã§ãã圌ã¯ç¹å¥ã§ããã¹ãŠããéç«ã£ãŠããŸããããïŒ
2ã€ã®ã¢ãŒãã§åäœããŸãã1ã€ç®ã¯ãä»ã®çãšåãããã«ãéåžžã®ããŒã«ã«ãšãã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ã§ãã2ã€ç®ã¯ããã®ãããªããã°ã©ã ãå®éã®IBM Qéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã§å®è¡ããããšã§ãã
ä»ã§ã¯ãéåžžã«äœã枩床ïŒçŽ3ããªã±ã«ãã³ïŒãç¶æãããæšœå šäœã§ãããšãŠãå¯ãã§ãããããŠIBMã¯ããã®ãã·ã³äžã§ã³ãŒããæ¥ç¶ããŠå®è¡ããã¯ã©ãŠãããŒã¹ã®æ©èœãæäŸããŸãã
ãã¡ããã圌ã¯ã³ãã³ããªã©ãç¹å¥ãªæ¹æ³ã§ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŸããããã¯ã©ã®ããã«æ©èœããŸããïŒäžè¬çãªã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®ããã«ããã®ãããªã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®ããã€ãã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããŸãããããã®1ã€ã¯5ãã¥ãŒãããã§ãã15ãã¥ãŒãããã16ãã¥ãŒããããããã20ãã¥ãŒããããå©çšã§ããŸããããã¯ãéåžžã®å€å žçãªæ å ±ã®çŽ20ãããã§ããããã§ã«äœãã§ãã
ããã§ã¯ã確ãã«ãå€ãã®äººãèããŠããŸããããã ãã§ãã欲ããã§ãïŒããããå°ãæ°åŠãèŠããŠããå¿ èŠããããŸããå°ã代æ°ã ããã»ãã®å°ããç§ãçŽæãããšããã
éåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã§ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãéå§ããã«ã¯ããã¥ãŒããããšã¯äœããç解ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã2次å ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã®åãªããã¯ãã«ã§ããããããããã§ã¯ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã«ã€ããŠè©±ããŠããã®ã§ããããã«ã¯åºç€ããããŸãã
åºæ¬ã¯ãããªæãã§ãã2ã€ã®ãã¯ãã«åãšåäœåºåºãæšæºãããã代æ°ã³ãŒã¹ã§ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è¡šãããŸãã
ãããŠ
...ãããŠããã£ã©ãã¯ã®è¡šèšã«ã¯ããããã®å±±æ¬åŒ§å
ã«æšæºè¡šèšããããŸãã
ã€ãŸããæ··ä¹±ããªãããã«ããã®ããã«çãããŠãããŸãã
ãããŠããã¯ãã«ãªã®ã§ããã®ç¶æ ã¯ãã®ããã«æžãããšãã§ããŸãããã¥ãŒãããqã¯ã2ã€ã®åºåºãã¯ãã«ã®éãåããã§ããαãšÎ²ã¯è€çŽ æ°ã§ããã絶察æ°ã§ã¯ãããŸãããããã®2ä¹ã®ä¿æ°ã®åèšã¯1ã«ãªããŸãã
ãããæãããšãããšããã¥ãŒãããã¯3次å çäžã®ãã¯ãã«ã§ããããšãããããŸããããã¯åãªããã¯ãã«ã§ãããç¡éã®éãããã®ã§ãç¡éã®æ å ±ã1ã€ã®ãã¥ãŒãããã«æ ŒçŽã§ããŸãã
ããªãã¯åçã«æ³šæãæãå¿ èŠã¯ãããŸãããããã¯åã«æ³šæãåŒãããã®èŠèŠåæè¡ã§ãã
ãã¥ãŒãããã«ã€ããŠè©±ããŸãããæãéèŠãªã®ã¯ããã¥ãŒãããããã¯ãã«ã§ããããšã§ããè€çŽ æ°ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã®ãã¯ãã«ãããã§äœãã§ããŸããïŒ
æåã«äœ¿çšããã®ã¯ãããšãã°Pythonã§ãå€æ°ã®å€ãèšç®ããããšã§ãããã¥ãŒãããã®ç¶æ ãèªã¿ãããšæããŸããããããαãšÎ²ã®æ£ç¢ºãªæå³ã¯ããããŸããã
ãã¥ãŒããããèŠãããšãããšããããèªãã§ã察å¿ãã確çãæã€ãŒããŸãã¯1ãååŸããŸãã確çã¯ã察å¿ããåºåºãã¯ãã«ãžã®åçŽãªæ圱ã§ãã
ããšãã°ããã¥ââãŒãããã®ã¯ããŒã³ãäœæããããšãã§ããŸããããããããå€æ°ãå¥ã®å€æ°ã«å²ãåœãŠããšåŒã³ãŸããæ®å¿µãªãããããã¯éåã®äžçã§ã¯ã§ããŸããã
ä»£å ¥æŒç®ã¯ãªããããã¯å ã»ã©èšã£ãããšãšéåžžã«é¢é£ããŠããŸããæ£ç¢ºãªå€ã確èªããããšãã§ããŸãããããã¯åºæ¬çãªçµæã§ããããã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åã«èšŒæãããŸãïŒççŸã«ãã£ãŠãæåéã2è¡ã®æ¯èŒã§ãã
èªã¿åãããšãã§ããªããã¥ãŒãããããããã¯ããŒã³ããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããããªãã¯äœãã§ããŸããïŒ
ãã¥ãŒãããã¯ãã¯ãã«ã§ãããã¯ãã«ãåããçã®åšããå転ãããããšãã§ããŸããå転ããã«ã¯ããã®å転ãè¡ãè¡åãèããããšãã§ããŸãããã¥ãŒãããã®ãã¹ãŠã®æŒç®ã¯è¡åã§ãã圌ãã¯åäžãšåŒã°ããŠããŸãã
åäžæ§-ãã®ãããªæ¡ä»¶ãæºããããããã«ãããã§ã¯ç¡çŸã«æžãããŠããŸãããã®ã¢ã€ã³ã³ã¯ã転眮ãããè€çŽ å ±åœ¹è¡åã瀺ããŸãããã®ããããã£ã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ããã€ãŸããã©ã®æäœã«ãéãååšããŸããã€ãŸãããã¯ãã«ãã©ã®ããã«ããã£ãŠãããã€ã§ãå ã®äœçœ®ã«æ»ãããšãã§ããŸããåžžã«éã®æäœããããŸãã
ã©ã®ãããªæäœãå¯èœãèŠãŠã¿ãŸããããå€å žçãªã±ãŒã¹ã§æ £ããŠããããšããŒãããããããã1ã«ããŸãã¯ãã®éã«å€ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ããã¯åŠå®æŒç®åã§ãããéåžžã«ç°¡åã§ãããã®ãããªãããªãã¯ã¹ã§èšé²ãããŸããæãç®ããããšãããšãç§ãã¡ãæããã®ãæ£ç¢ºã«åŸãããšãã§ããŸãã
ããã«ãæããŠããããŸãããè€éãªããšã¯äœããããŸãããåŠå®æŒç®åã«ã¯æšæºã®è¡šèšã§ããXæŒç®åããããŸããèããŠã¿ããšãããã¯ããããã®è»žãäžå¿ãšããå転ã§ãããããŠãæŒç®åYãšZãä»ã®è»žã®åšãã®å転ããããŸãããããã¯çŸåšããã»ã©éèŠã§ã¯ãããŸããã
ãããŠãéåããããç¡å¹ã«ããéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã§æåã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ããããã¡ãããéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒç§åŠã§ã¯ãPythonã§æžãããšã¯ã»ãšãã©ãããŸãããã¹ããŒããããé »ç¹ã«äœ¿çšããŸãã
å³ã¯éåžžã次ã®ããã«ãªããŸããæ°Žå¹³ç·ã¯åã«ãã¥ãŒãããå€ã§ããããã«ã¯5ã€æãããŠããŸãããããŠãããã¯-ç§ãã¡ãè¡ãæäœã
æåã®ãããã¯ãããã«æž¬å®è£ 眮ãæãããŠããŸããããã¯ãæåã®ãã¥ãŒãããã®å 容ã枬å®ãããã ãã§ããããšãæå³ããŸãã
ãããå®è¡ãããšã1ã®ç¢ºçã§ãŒããåŸãããŸãããªããªãããããã¯ãã®ç¶æ ã§åæåãããŠãããäœãããªãã£ãããã§ãã
ãã®ãããªããšã¯qiskitã©ã€ãã©ãªã䜿çšããŠPythonã§æžãããšãã§ããŸããããã§è¡ããšã«äœãèµ·ãããèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããããŸããéåã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãèµ·åããŸããããã§ã¯1ã€ã®ãã¥ãŒããããããªã³ã«ããŠããŸãããããŠãå€å žçãªã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãã©ããã«æž¬å®çµæãæžã蟌ãã«ã¯ãã¯ã©ã·ãã¯ã¬ãžã¹ã¿ãå¿ èŠã§ããã€ãŸããéåã¬ãžã¹ã¿ã䜿çšããŠå€æãè¡ããŸããçµæã¯ãå€å žçãªãã®ãã€ãŸããŒããŸãã¯1ã§ãããããŠãç§ã¯ãã®éåå€å žçãã¥ãŒããããæã€ç¬èªã®åè·¯ãäœæããŸããç§ã¯ãã èšã£ãŠããã ãã§ããCã§qãã¥ãŒãããã枬å®ããŠã¿ãŸããããããããå§ããŸãããããã¹ãŠããŸããããŸãããããã泚ææ·±ãèªè ã«ã¯ãããã§ããããããã§ã¯ãç§ã®ããã¯ãšã³ãã¯ããŒã«ã«ãšãã¥ã¬ãŒã¿ã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãã
IBM Qã§ãåãããšãã§ããŸãããããã«ã¯ããå°ãã³ãŒãããããŸããç§ãã¡ã«ã§ããã ãæ©ãå¿çããããã€ã¹ãéžæããããã€ãã®ããŒã¯ã³ã転éããããšã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããããçš®é¡ã®éººããããŸããããããã¹ãŠã§ããããããããªãããŒãªããšã¯äœããããŸããã
åŠå®æŒç®åã䜿çšããŠãåãããšãã§ããŸããç§ãèšã£ãããã«ãããã¯XæŒç®åã§ãããã€ã¢ã°ã©ã ã§ã¯ãŸã£ããåãã«èŠããŸããåãããã«å®è¡ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ããã§ã1ã®ç¢ºçã§ãèšç»ã©ããã«1ãåŸãããŸããéæ³ã¯ãããŸããã
ã³ãŒãã¯åãã§ããããã§ã¯ãXæŒç®åãqãã¥ãŒãããã«ãé©çšããŠããŸãã
ããŠãããã«é²ãã§ã¿ãŸãããã
ããã«ã¯éåžžã«æ³šæãå¿ èŠãªããšããããŸãããã®ç¶æ ãååŸããŠã¿ãŸãããããã®ç¶æ ã¯éåžžã«èå³æ·±ãã§ãããã®ãããªéãåããã«ãªããŸããããã枬å®ããããšãããšã1/2ã®ç¢ºçã§0ãŸãã¯1ã«ãªããŸããã€ãŸãããã®ãããªåäžãªéãåãããšãªããäœã§ãååŸã§ããŸãã
éåã³ã€ã³ãã¹ãšã¯äœãã«ããšããããšãã§ããŸãã確çã§withãš0ãš1ãååŸããŸãããããªãã¯ã¹ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
ç°¡åã«ç¢ºèªã§ããŸããã確èªã¯ã§ããŸãããå³ãæããŠã¿ãŸããããã¢ãããŒã«ã«æ¬æãè¡šããŠãªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒHã
ç§ãã¡ãæåŸ ãããã®ã枬å®ããããããååŸããŸãã Âœã0ã1ã®ç¢ºçã§ãããå°ããå°ãå°ãªããªããŸããããã®ããã«æ©èœããŸãã
Pythonã³ãŒãã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ããPythonã®äŒè°ã«åå ããŠããŸãã
ãã®ãããªéãåããããããŸããããã«ã¢ãããŒã«æŒç®åãé©çšããŠæž¬å®ããŸãã
ããããã³ã€ã³ã2åãããããšãã§ããŸããããã«ã¯æ £ããŠããŸããã³ã€ã³ã2åããã£ãŠãäœãå€ãããŸãããéåã®å Žåã«ããããã£ãŠã¿ãŸãããã
ã¢ãããŒã«æŒç®åã2åç¶ããŠé©çšãããšãåžžã«ãŒãã«ãªããŸãã
ã€ãŸããéåã³ã€ã³ã2床ããªãããããšãã¢ãããŒã«æŒç®åã¯ããèªäœãšéã§ãããããåžžã«ãŒãã«ãªããŸããèªåã§æãç®ããããšãåžžã«1ãåãåããŸããããã«äºããããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠã1ã€ã®ãã¥ãŒãããã§äœããå®è¡ã§ããŸããããã£ãããããã£ããã枬å®ãããã§ããŸããããã«ãã¥ãŒããããè¿œå ããŠã¿ãŸããããã¯ã©ã·ãã¯ã®äžçã§äœãããŠããã®ã§ããïŒåçŽãªè«çæŒç®ãorããšãandããåããå®è¡ããŸãã
éåäžçã§ã¯ãå®å šã«å¯éçã§ã¯ãªãããããããè¡ãããšã¯ã§ããŸãããã€ãŸãããandãæŒç®ã§ãŒããååŸãããšãåæå€ãäœã§ãã£ãããç¥ãããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
ãããŠãéåã®äžçã§ã¯ãç§ãèšã£ãããã«ãæäœã¯åžžã«å¯éçãªãŠãã¿ãªè¡åã§ããã§ã¯ãã©ããã£ãŠããã°ã©ã ããã®ã§ããïŒç§ãã¡ãæ £ããŠããããšã¯ãã¹ãŠåŽ©ããããŠããŸããããããæ°ããããŒããŒãçŸããŸããããã¯ãããããå¶åŸ¡ãããåŠå®ã®ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã§ãã
Pythonã§èšè¿°ããŠããå Žåã次ã®ããã«ãªããŸããæåã®éåãããã1ã®å Žåã2çªç®ã®éåããããå転ãããŸããããããã¯è¡åã§ã¯ãªããããã¯æŒç®åãã©ã®ããã«èŠãããã§ããããããååãšããŠãç§ãèšã£ãããšã¯ããã«æžãããŠããŸããæåã®ãã¥ãããã«åäžæ§ãããå Žåã2çªç®ã¯å転ãããŸãã
ãããªãã¯ã¹ã¯ãã§ã«4 x 4ã§ãã 2ã€ã®ãã¥ãŒãããã®å Žåã次ã®ããã«ãªããŸããã¢ã¹ã¿ãªã¹ã¯ãä¹ç®ããŠåé¡ãæ®ãããããæ£ãããã©ããã確èªããŸãã
ãã®ããšã¯ããã°ã©ã ããããšãã§ããŸãããã±ããç§åŠã¯ãããŸãããå¿ èŠãªã®ã¯ã2ã€ã®éåããããš2ã€ã®å€å žããããæã€åè·¯ãäœæããCNOTã ãã§ãªããCXã«ãã£ãŠåŠå®ãå¶åŸ¡ããã ãã§ãã
åŠå®ã¯XæŒç®åã ã£ãã®ã§ãååãšããŠãã¹ãŠãè«ççã§ãããããŠãããªãã¯å³ãæãããšãã§ããŸããã¹ããŒã ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
ã€ãŸããå¶åŸ¡ãããåŠå®ã¯ãå€æŽããããã¥ãŒãããã®ãã©ã¹ã§ãããããŠãã€ã³ãã¯ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ã§ããããã§ãéåãããã1ã®å Žåã2çªç®ã®ãã®ãå€æŽããŸãã
ããã§ã¯å ·äœçã«æåã«æåã®å€ãå転ããŠ1ã«ããŠãããäž¡æ¹ã枬å®ããŠçµæãååŸããŠããŸã|11â©ããã¹ãŠãæåŸ éãã§ãã
ããããä»ãããã¹ãŠã®ç¥èãäžç·ã«äœ¿ãæã§ãã
ç§ãã¡ãç¥ã£ãŠãã3ã€ãŸãã¯4ã€ã®æŒç®åãã¹ãŠã1ã€ã®ã¹ããŒã ã«åºå·ããŸããããã€ãŸããã¢ãããŒã«æŒç®åãæåã®æŒç®åã«é©çšããŸãã 2ã€ç®ãå転ãããŠããããã¹ãŠäžç·ã«ãå¶åŸ¡ãããåŠå®ãšæž¬å®ãè¡ããŸãã
ãŸã å®è¡ããŠããŸããããäœãèµ·ããããæšæž¬ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
æåã®éåãããã«ã¢ãããŒã«æŒç®åãé©çšãã2çªç®ã®éåããããåŠå®ãããšããã®ãããªéãåãããåŸãããŸãããã§ãã¯ã«æéããããããªãã®ã§ãç°¡åã«ä¹ç®ã§ããŸããããããç«å Žã¯éåžžã«èå³æ·±ãã§ãã第äžã«ãããã¯ãŠããã©ãŒã ã«éåžžã«äŒŒãŠããŸãã第äºã«ãå¶åŸ¡ãããåŠå®ãåãå Žåããã®ç¶æ ã¯ãšã³ã¿ã³ã°ã«ããšåŒã°ããŸãã
ç¶æ ã¯æ··ä¹±ããŠããŸãããªãïŒæž¬å®ããŠã¿ãŸããããæåã®ãã¥ãããã枬å®ãããããç¶æ 0ã«ããå Žåã2çªç®ã®ãã¥ãããã¯å¿ ãç¶æ 1ã«ãããšèšããŸãã
ã€ãŸãããã¥ãŒãããã§ãã®ãããªå€æãè¡ããšã1ã€ã®ãã¥ãŒããããå人ã«æž¡ãã圌ã¯ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«é£ãã§ã2çªç®ã®ãã¥ãŒããããèªåã§æž¬å®ããŸãã圌ã®ãã¥ãŒãããã®ç¶æ ãæ£ç¢ºã«ããããŸããããã¯ãéåãã€ããŸãã¯éåçµåã®å¹æãšåŒã°ããŸãããããŠããããéåèšç®ãæ©èœããäž»èŠãªã¡ã«ããºã ã§ããå€åãããããã¯éåžžã«åŒ·åºã«æ¥ç¶ããã枬å®äžã¯| 00 weãŸãã¯|11â©ããåŸãããŸããã
ãã®æ©äŒã«ãç§ã®èã
æ°ãæ£ã£ãã®ã¯ã圌ããã€ãéãéŽäžãå±¥ããŠããããšã§ãããããŠã圌ã®ååã¯åœŒã«ã€ããŠåè«ãèšã£ãïŒåœŒãç足ã§éšå±ã«å ¥ã£ãŠãéŽäžããã³ã¯è²ã§ããã®ãèŠããªãã°ãæã ã¯2çªç®ã®éŽäžããã³ã¯è²ã§ãªããšç¢ºãã«èšãããšãã§ãããã ãããããªãã®ã§ãã
ãããå®è¡ãããšãå¿ èŠãªãã®ãæ£ç¢ºã«åŸãããŸããããã¯ãã§ã«ããªãé¢çœãã§ãã確çã¯ã¡ããã©0.5ã§ãããããã¯å¶ç¶ã§ãã
éåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§æ£çŽã«å®è¡ãããšããã®ç»åãåŸãããŸããç¶æ |00â©ã¯ååŸã§ãããç¶æ |11â©ã¯ååŸã§ããŸãããããããããã§ãæ©èœããŸããçŸåšã®ãã¯ãããžãŒã®ç¶æ ã§ã¯ãåžžã«ç°¡åã«æå¶ã§ããªããã€ãºãååšããŸãããããŠåœŒãã¯ããã«èŠããã§ããŸãã
ããããå€å žçãªã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ãèŠããŠãããªããããã¯åãããšã§ãããšã©ãŒä¿®æ£ã³ãŒããªã©ã§ãããã¥ãŒããããå°ããããŠãšã©ãŒèšæ£ã«äœåãªããããè²»ããããšãã§ããªãã ãã§ãã
ä»ãç§ãçŽæããããã«ãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®ããã€ãã®äŸããããããããã¯ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®åæã®ãªãæ ¹æ ã®ãªãäŸã«ãããªãã®ã§ãèŠãŠãèããŠãèå³ãæã€ããã«ãªããŸãã
æåã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãåé ã§èª¬æããDeutschã«é¢é£ããŠããŸããããã¯Deutsch-Jozyã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã§ãããããŠã圌ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããšãè¡ããŸãã nåã®å€æ°ã«ããŒã«é¢æ°ããããšããŸãããããŠããããäžå®ã§ãããããŸãã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ãåããŠããããšã¯ç¢ºãã§ãããã©ã³ã¹ãåããŠãããšã¯ãåŒæ°ã®ã¡ããã©ååããŒãã«ãªããæ®ãã®ååã1ã«ãªãããšãæå³ããŸãããããå®æ°ã§ãããã©ãããå€å žçã«ãã§ãã¯ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ãããè¡ãã«ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®å¯èœãªãªãã·ã§ã³ã®å°ãªããšãååããã§ãã¯ããå¿ èŠããããŸãïŒ2 n â 1 +1ãªãã·ã§ã³ãéåã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã§ã¯ãé¢æ°èªäœã®nåã®èšç®ã§ãé¢æ°èªäœãžã®nåã®åŒã³åºãã§ãããè¡ãããšãã§ããŸããããã¯ãææ°çã«äœããããæ°ã§ãã
2çªç®ã®äŸã¯ãããããéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒããã¹ãŠã®æå·ã解ããšèšãããŠãããããã ãã«ã§ãããç¥ãããŠããŸããéåãéåžžã«ãã°ããå æ°å解ã§ããŸãã
é£æ床ã®èŠç©ãããããã«ç€ºãããçŽ æŽãããäŸããããŸãã 2011幎ã«ã¯ãæ°å€15ã¯å®éã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã§èšç®ããã7ãã¥ããããèŠããŸããã
ãããããã¹ãŠãããã»ã©æªãããã§ã¯ãããŸãããéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãRSAãç Žãããšãã§ããã¬ãã«ã«éããå ŽåãéåååŸã®æå·åã¯ãã§ã«ååšããŠããŸãããšã©ãŒã®ããåŠç¿ã«åºã¥ããŠããŸããããã¯ãå°ããªãšã©ãŒãåé¡ã«å°å ¥ããããããçããèŠã€ããã®ãéåžžã«å°é£ãªå Žåã§ããéåžžããããã¯ããçš®ã®æ¹çšåŒãŸãã¯é£ç«æ¹çšåŒã§ãããããã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®äŸã§ããèªã¿ãã人ã¯èª°ã§ããã£ãšè©³ããèªãããšãã§ããŸãã
æãèå³æ·±ãïŒNew Hopeã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãããã«åºã¥ããŠããããã¹ãŠã®äººé¡ã®æ°ããåžæã§ãã 2016幎ãChrome ã¯ãã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®ãµããŒããè¿œå ããŸãããããã«ããã°ãžã®ãªã³ã¯ããããŸããããã¯ç§ã®èãã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããããã¹ãŠãæ¬åœã«ã§ããæªæ¥ã¯ãã§ã«ããã«ãããŸãã
æåŸã«ããã€ãã®ãªã³ã¯ããããŸãïŒ
- , : Michael A.Nielsen and Isaac L. Chuang, «Quantum Computation and Quantum Information». , . .
- IBM Q: quantumexperience.ng.bluemix.net
- IBM Q User Guide: quantumexperience.ng.bluemix.net/proxy/tutorial/full-user-guide/introduction.html
- Qiskit: qiskit.org
- :
nplus1.ru/material/2017/06/07/quantumcomputers
nplus1.ru/news/2017/05/26/quantum-blockchain
ããã¯å€ããå°ãªãããã¹ãŠã§ãããããä»ãå ãããã®ã¯ãçŽ50幎åããã€ããéåæ å ±ç§åŠãå§ãããšããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã¯å€§èŠæš¡ã§ããããããã¯ããã€ãã®äŒç€Ÿã«ãã£ãŠäœãããŸããã圌ãã¯ã¯ãŒãããŒãã»ã©ã®å€§ããã§ããããããŠä»ã倧äœåãäŒç€Ÿã倧ããªéåã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãäœã£ãŠããŸãããããŠãã¡ããã50幎åŸã«äœãèµ·ãããã¯ããããŸããã
ãæ°ã«å ¥ãã®æ€çŽ¢ãšã³ãžã³ãå ¥åããããšãããšãä»æ¥ãéåããã°ã©ããŒã®æ±äººãèŠã€ããããšãã§ããŸãããã¡ããããã£ãšå€ãã®ç 究ããããŸãããããã§ããªãã§ããæè¬ã